Cell Diversity Flashcards
3 types of cells
- Red blood cells
- Nerve cells
- Muscle cells
Tissues
A group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function
2 types of plant tissue
- Dermal tissue
- Vascular tissue
Dermal tissue
Single layer of cells that surrounds the different parts of a plant
Epidermis protects plant
Vascular tissue
Transports materials around the plant
Xylem transports water and minerals
Phloem transports food
2 types of animal tissue
- Muscle
- Nervous
Nervous tissue composed of
Neurons (nerve cells)
Define tissue culture
The growth of tissue in or on an artificial medium outside an organism
How does tissue culture work
- A tissue sample is removed from a plant or animal and grown in glassware ( in vitro) in a bath of sterile nutritive fluid which often contains hormones and growth substances
- Growth is by mitosis and produces a cluster of identical offspring - a clone
Stages in tissue culture (5)
- Cells obtained
- Enzymes added
- Individual Cells isolated
- Controlled culture medium
- Sheets of cells grown
Uses of tissue culture (3)
- Cancer research
- Growing human tissue for organ transplants
- Plant breeding (micropropagation) – large number of plants produced. This is a fast, cheap way to produce lots of plants
An organ
A structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions
Examples of an organ in an animal (3)
- Heart
- Skin
- Lungs
Examples of an organ in a plant (3)
- Root
- Stem
- Seeds
A system
Consists of a number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
