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exam notes beep > The second nervous system(omg can't wait!!!) > Flashcards

The second nervous system(omg can't wait!!!) Flashcards

1
Q

The brain is divided into 4 main parts

A
  1. Cerebrum: largest portion, higher mental, sensory and motor functions
    2.Diencephalon: processes sensory impute and controls homeostatic processes
    3.Cerebellum:Coordinates muscular activity
  2. Brainstem:Coordinates visceral activities and connects different part of nervous system
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2
Q

A flat bundle of nerve fibres called what connects the hemispheres in the Cerebrum?

A

Corpus callous

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3
Q

The surface of the brain is marked by..

A

ridges,grooves and fissures

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4
Q

The 4 bones of the cerebrum are:

A
  1. frontal
    2.parietal
    3.temporal
    4.occipital lobes
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5
Q

What is the 5th lobe of the cerebrum?

A

The insult and it lies deep in the lateral sulcus

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6
Q

The sensory areas are located in several areas of the cerebrum:

A
  1. Cutaneous senses-parietal lobe
    2.Visual area-occipital lobe
    3.Auditory area-temporal lobe
    4.Taste are-base of central sulcus and insula
    5.Smell area-deep in temporal lobe
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7
Q

Sensory fiber from he PNS cross over in the spinal cord or the brainstem

A

This results in sensory impulses from the right side of the body being interpreted by centres in the left hemisphere

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8
Q

Association areas of the frontal lobe

A

-Control planning and problem solving(intelecutall processes)

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9
Q

Association areas of the parietal lobe

A

-Understanding speech and choosing proper words

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10
Q

Associations areas in occipital lobe

A

-helps analyze visual patterns and combine visual images with sensory info

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11
Q

Association areas next to sensory areas

A

-important for analyzing sensory input

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12
Q

The primary motor areas lie in the posterior frontal lobes..

A

anterior to the central sulcus

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13
Q

Injury to motor areas of front lobe..

A

causes partial or complete paralysis on opposite side of body

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14
Q

Damage to association areas of frontal lobe..

A

may impair concentration or complex mental tasks

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15
Q

Damage to association area of parietal lobe

A

may make understanding speech difficult

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16
Q

Damage to occipital lobe can cause

A

partial or complete vision loss

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17
Q

The cerebellum is located beneath the occipital lobes of the cerebrum,

A

posterios to brainstem

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18
Q

The cerebellum is made up of

A

2 hemispheres

19
Q

The cerebellum functions to

A

-integrate sensory information about position of body parts
-coordinatres skeletal muscle activity, maintains posture and endure movement

20
Q

The diencephalon lies between the

A

cerebral hemispheres and above the midbrain

21
Q

The main parts of the diencephalon are..

A

1.thalamus
2.hypothalamus and limbic system

22
Q

Function of thalamus

A

-produces general awareness of the sensation, such as pain touch and temperature

23
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

1.Regulates heart rate and arterial blood pressure
2.Regulates body temp, water and electrolyte balance
3.Controls movement
4.Controls secretion of hormones from pituitary gland

24
Q

Limbic system

A

Controls emotional experience and expression

25
Q

The brainstem

A

-consists of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
-connects cerebrum, diencephalon and cerebellum to spinal cord

26
Q

Midbrain

A

-Between diencephalon and pons
-bundels of myelinated nerve fibres that convey impulses to and from higher centres of brain

27
Q

Pons

A

-between midbrain and medulla oblongata
-transmits impulses to and from medulla oblongata and cerebrum
-Regulates the rate and depth of breathing

28
Q

The medulla oblongata transmits impulses between brain and spinal cord. It houses

A
  1. Cardiac center - alters heart rate
    2.vasomotor center -controls vasoconstrictions and vasodilations of blood vessels
  2. Respiratpry centre-control the rate and depth of breathing
29
Q

Reticular Formation(RAS)

A

-network of nerve fibers connecting small masses of gray matter throughout brain stem
-decreased activity results in sleep/increased results in wakefulness
-Injury to this results in comatose state

30
Q

Spinal cord

A
  1. Cervical enlargement- thickened area near top of spinal cord; provides nerves to upper limbs
    2.Lumbar enlargement-a thickened region near the bottom of spinal cord; gives rise to nerve that serve lower limbs
31
Q

spinal nerves in the lumbar and sacral areas are called

A

cause equina

32
Q

Functions of spinal cord

A

1.To transmit impulses to and from brain
2.Ascending tracts carrying sensory information to the brain
3.Descending tracts carry motor information from the brain

33
Q

Reflexes

A

-automatic responses to changes inside or outside body to help maintain homeostasis
-control heart rate, carry out vomtiing sneezing swallowing

34
Q

Sensory receptors

A

1.Somatic senses-associated with the skin, muscles, joints(temperature changes and pain)
2.Special senes-include the senses of smell, taste hearing, equilibrium and sight

35
Q

Types of receptors

A

1.Chemoreceptors-detect changes in chemical concentration
2.Nociceptors-Detect painful stimuli
3.Themoreceptors-detects temperature changes
4.Mechanoreceptors-detects changes in movement or position in the body
5.Photoreceptors-only found in eyes, detects change in light
6.Baroreceptors-detect changes in fluid or cavity pressure around body

36
Q

order of reflex arc

A

1.receptor
2.sensory neuron
3.central nervous system
4.motor neuron
5.effector

37
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

-Consists of nerves that connect CNS to body parts
-Cranial nerves arising from the brain
-Spinal nerves arising from the spinal corn

38
Q

Cranial nerves

A

-Relay information between brain and parts of body

39
Q

Types of cranial nerves

A

1.Sensory Nerves
2.Motor Nerves
3.Mixed nerves(containing sensory and motor nerve fibers)

40
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

41
Q

Motor part of PNS is made up of 2 portions

A

1.Somatic nervous system- connects the CNS to skeletal muscles and the skin
2.Autonomic nervous system-connects the CNS to viscera and controls subconscious

42
Q

Autonomic nervou system

A

-Controls visceral motor function sof smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
-Helps maintain homeostasis, responds to emotional stress
-Controls heart rate, blood pressure

43
Q

Autonomic nervous system(ANS) is divided in 2

A

1.Sympathetic division- active in conditions of stress or emergency
2.Parasympathetic division- Active under normal restful conditions

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