The Sea

Question 1

How are waves formed

Answer 1

Waves are formed from wind moving across the surface of the sea

Question 2

Types of sea erosion

Answer 2

Hydraulic action
Compressed air
Solution
Abrasion
Attrition

Question 3

What is hydraulic action

Answer 3

Hydraulic action: The force of the waves as they crash against the coast.

Question 4

What is compressed air

Answer 4

Compressed air: When air becomes trapped in a rock by incoming waves. The compressed air puts pressure on the rocks. When the waves retract, the air is freed, and the process repeats itself.

Question 5

Attrition definition

Answer 5

Attrition: The stones in the water hit off each other repeatedly, smoothing and rounding

Question 6

Solution definition

Answer 6

Solution: When the minerals in certain rocks (eg. limestone)

Question 7

How do bays and headland form?

Answer 7

1)Bays + headlands form in areas of coastline where an area of soft rock erodes faster than hard rock.
2)The soft rock (eg. sandstone) forms a hollow in the coast called a bay
3)The hard rock (eg. granite) is left jutting out on each side + is called a headland

Question 8

Examples of headlands + bays

Answer 8

Dublin Bay and Howth Head.

Question 9

Swash definition

Answer 9

Swash is when the waves move up a beach

Question 10

Backwash defintion

Answer 10

Backwash us the water returning to the sea.

Question 11

Name the types of waves

Answer 11

Constructive waves
Destructive waves

Question 12

What is a constructive wave

Answer 12

Constructive waves have a strong swash and a weak backwash
Material is deposited

Question 13

What is a destructive wave

Answer 13

Destructive waves have a weak swash and a strong backwash.
More material is eroded than deposited

Question 14

Fetch definition

Answer 14

Fetch:the distance a wave has to travel

Question 15

What is longshore drift

Answer 15

The load is transported up the shore by the force of the swash and back down again when it is pulled by the backwash

Question 16

Beach definition

Answer 16

A beach is the gentle sloping area of sand, shingle/stones and is found between high and low tide

Question 17

Formation of a beach

Answer 17

The waves break, lose their energy, + drop their load. The swash carries it upshore + deposits it.
The heaviest material is deposited 1st + the finest material is carried back closer to the shore. The material builds up + forms a beach.
In storms, waves are stronger+ can carry heavier material up the shore to the high-tide mark. The material deposits + forms a storm beach

Question 18

Example of a beach

Answer 18

Donabate, Co. Dublin