The Science of Teaching Reading Flashcards
FOUR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN THAT RELATE TO READING. NAME THEM.
EYES-VISUAL CORTEX
HEARING- PHONOLOGICAL CORTEX
Memory-SEMANTIC CORTEX
Popo of grammer-Syntactic Cortex
Convergent Thinking
There is only one correct answer.
Divergent Thinking
Creative answers
Team effort in coming up with answers.
Objective:
The Four Point Processing Model -
is a simplified model that illustrates how the brain reads or recognizes words.
For word recognition.
phonological processor,
orthographic processor,
semantic processor,
and syntactic processor.
Help with Word Recognition
Using the visual system to form, store, and recall words, such as writing a word out in the air in front of you.
Orthographic Processor
is the ability to recognize words, spell words, and put letters in proper sequence for words.
Ortho
Straight and in proper order.
Ortho
Straight and in proper order.
The Four processors activated in the Reading Brain
With this process a person:
looks at a letter (orthographic processor)
goes to a sound (phonological processor)
uses their knowledge of letter sounds to sound the word out (phonics)
then asks what that word means (meaning processor)
then asks what it means in the context that we are reading or hearing it (context processor)
Recognizes, stores and recalls the letters and combinations of letters that we use to recognize written language
Stores print information for retrieval to efficiently recognize and recall words for reading and spelling
Orthographic Processor: letter recognition
Detects, recalls, and understands (phonemes) that make up spoken words
Controls the production of sounds and words in spoken language
Phonological processor: sound recognition
Interprets word meanings
Organizes words into meaning networks by
spelling patterns
categories and concepts
word relationships
word meanings and associated meanings
meaningful parts of words (morphemes) and roots
Meaning Processor
Provides support to the meaning processor by interpreting words based on:
language of a sentence
experience or circumstances
knowledge of a concept
(Example - knowing the multiple meanings of words.)
Context Processor
It is a formula demonstrating the widely accepted view that reading has two basic components: word recognition (decoding) and languagecomprehension.
Simple View of Reading
Hint: Decoding (D) x Language Comprehension (LC) =Reading Comprehension(RC)
Encoding is essentially a writing process, whereas decoding is a reading process.
ENCODING VS. Decoding
Encoding breaks a spoken word down into parts that are written or spelled out.
Encoding, what does it do?
Decoding, what does it do with a word?
Decoding breaks a written word into parts that are verbally spoken.
Dysgraphia
a neurological condition and learning difference that makes it difficult for someone to communicate clearly and correctly through written language.It can affect the physical act of writing, as well as the ability to translate thoughts into written words.
Symptoms of dysgraphia include:
Handwriting:Poorly formed, illegible, or inconsistent letters, awkward grip, difficulty staying within margins, or writing that takes a long time to complete
Spelling:Odd spelling or incorrect word production
Syntax:Syntaxis errors or difficulty constructing grammatically correct sentences
Organization:Difficulty organizing thoughts in writing or written expression
Fluency:Limited written fluency
Word choice:Limitations in the variety or appropriateness of word choice
Punctuation and capitalization:Difficulty using writing conventions like capitalization and punctuation
Dysgraphia can be managed with interventions that help people learn new writing strategies.
Symptoms of dysgraphia include:
Handwriting:Poorly formed, illegible, or inconsistent letters, awkward grip, difficulty staying within margins, or writing that takes a long time to complete
Spelling:Odd spelling or incorrect word production
Syntax:Syntaxis errors or difficulty constructing grammatically correct sentences
Organization:Difficulty organizing thoughts in writing or written expression
Fluency:Limited written fluency
Word choice:Limitations in the variety or appropriateness of word choice
Punctuation and capitalization:Difficulty using writing conventions like capitalization and punctuation
Dysgraphia can be managed with interventions that help people learn new writing strategies.
A cognitive process that involves decoding symbols to arrive at meaning.
Reading
The reading process involves three stages.
Prereading-activate background knowledge
Second Stage During Reading-The reader makes predictions as they read.
Third Stage Final- Allows the reader to retell the story and discuss the elements of the story.
Skills that more directly relate to comprehending text.
Meaning Based Literacy
Reading Instruction
Fluency Stage
Independent Level:Relatively easy for the student to read (at least 95% word accuracy).
Instructional Level:Challenging but manageable for the reader with the help of a teacher (90% to 94% word accuracy).
Frustrational Level:Difficult text for the student to readeven with the help of a teacher (less than 90% word accuracy).
Ways of teaching reading:
Semantic Cues
The study of the meaning of words.
Meaningful associations that aid in retrieval of information from memory.Sppech, Signs, Symbols, and visual aids
deal with the knowledge of the world, culture, and general topics.
These cues come from using the words surrounding text to figure out possible meaning
Context Cues
Assisting with reading
Semantic cue:
The meaning of individual word.
Syntactic Cues
They are derived from standard word order and sentence composition
Letter-sound knowledge isknowledge of the letters or groups of letters which represent the individual speech sounds in language.
Graphemes
Four Levels of Reading Comprehension with definitions
Literal
This level corresponds to reading the lines of text and is the first level to develop. It involves understanding information that is directly stated in the text about what happened. Strong literal comprehension is a foundation for building higher levels of comprehension.
Inferential
This level involves reading between the lines, drawing conclusions, and determining what the text means.
Evaluative
This level involves reading behind the lines to understand the meaning of the entire text, its message, and how it relates to the reader’s own experiences and opinions.
the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.
“the alliteration of “sweet birds sang””Alliteration
DEFINE Alliteration
