The Science of Psychology Flashcards
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes, including how individuals think, feel, and act.
Science
A systematic approach to acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation to understand natural phenomena.
Intuition
Relying on instincts, emotions, or a gut feeling to make judgments without relying on facts or rational thought.
Authority
Accepting information as true because it comes from a respected source or figure, such as a teacher, parent, or expert.
Rationalism
Using logic and reasoning to arrive at conclusions based on premises; it involves structured thinking rather than observation.
Empiricism
Acquiring knowledge through observation and experience; it emphasizes the importance of evidence obtained from the senses.
The Scientific Method
A systematic process used to investigate questions, test hypotheses, and build knowledge.
The Three Goals of Behavioral Science
To describe, predict, and explain behavior.
Basic Research
Research conducted to enhance general knowledge without a specific practical application in mind.
Applied Research
Research aimed at solving practical problems and improving quality of life by applying scientific findings.
Folk Psychology
Common-sense beliefs about human behavior, often intuitive but not necessarily accurate or scientifically validated.
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making but can lead to biases and errors.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms existing beliefs, often overlooking contradictory evidence.
Skepticism
A critical thinking approach that involves questioning the validity of claims and seeking evidence before accepting them.
Tolerance for Uncertainty
The ability to accept that some questions cannot be fully answered and that evidence may be inconclusive.
