Chapter 12_Descriptive Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Methods for summarizing and organizing data.

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2
Q

Population

A

The entire group of individuals or instances a researcher wants to study.

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3
Q

Sample

A

A subset of the population selected for the study.

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4
Q

Mean

A

The arithmetic average of a set of numbers, sensitive to extreme values.

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5
Q

Median

A

The middle value in a set of numbers, resistant to outliers.

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6
Q

Mode

A

The most frequently occurring value in a dataset.

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7
Q

Range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset.

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8
Q

Variance

A

The average of the squared differences from the mean.

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9
Q

Standard Deviation

A

The square root of the variance, indicating how spread out the data is.

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10
Q

Normal Distribution

A

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution where most data points cluster around the mean.

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11
Q

Skewed Distribution

A

A distribution that is not symmetrical, where one tail is longer than the other.

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12
Q

Positively Skewed

A

A distribution with a long right tail, where the mean is greater than the median.

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13
Q

Negatively Skewed

A

A distribution with a long left tail, where the mean is less than the median.

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14
Q

Histogram

A

A graphical representation of the frequency distribution of continuous data, using bars.

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15
Q

Frequency Distribution

A

A table or graph that shows how often different values occur in a dataset.

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16
Q

Outlier

A

An extreme value that differs significantly from other values in the dataset.

17
Q

Correlation

A

A measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.

18
Q

Effect Size

A

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of a difference or relationship.

19
Q

Central Tendency

A

A measure that represents the center or typical value in a dataset (mean, median, mode).

20
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Methods used to make inferences or predictions about a population based on data from a sample.