Exam 2: Survey Research

Question 1

Survey research

Answer 1

A method for collecting data by asking participants to report on their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, often through questionnaires or interviews.

Question 2

Respondents

Answer 2

Individuals who participate in a survey and provide self-reported data on their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Question 3

Context effects

Answer 3

Unintended influences on respondents’ answers that result from the context in which a survey item appears, not from the item content itself.

Question 4

Item-order effects

Answer 4

When the order in which questions are presented affects how participants respond, potentially altering the results of the survey.

Question 5

Open-ended items

Answer 5

Survey questions that allow respondents to answer in their own words without predetermined response options.

Question 6

Closed-ended items

Answer 6

Survey questions that provide a limited set of response options for participants to choose from.

Question 7

Rating scale

Answer 7

An ordered set of response options for participants to choose from, typically used for measuring attitudes or behaviors.

Question 8

Likert scale

Answer 8

A type of rating scale commonly used in survey research where participants indicate their level of agreement with a statement on a multi-point scale.

Question 9

BRUSO

Answer 9

An acronym for “brief,” “relevant,” “unambiguous,” “specific,” and “objective,” representing key principles for writing good survey questions.

Question 10

Sampling

Answer 10

The process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to participate in a study, intended to represent the population.

Question 11

Probability sampling

Answer 11

A sampling method where each member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected for the sample.

Question 12

Non-probability sampling

Answer 12

A sampling method where the probability of any particular individual being selected is unknown.

Question 13

Convenience sampling

Answer 13

A type of non-probability sampling where participants are selected based on availability and willingness to participate.

Question 14

Snowball sampling

Answer 14

A non-probability sampling technique where existing participants help recruit additional participants, often used for hard-to-reach populations.

Question 15

Quota sampling

Answer 15

A non-probability sampling technique where researchers aim to recruit specific proportions of subgroups in the population.

Question 16

Self-selection sampling

Answer 16

A non-probability sampling method where participants choose to participate in the study on their own, without being approached by researchers.

Question 17

Sampling frame

Answer 17

A list or other source used to identify the members of a population from which a sample will be drawn.

Question 18

Simple random sampling

Answer 18

A probability sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Question 19

Stratified random sampling

Answer 19

A probability sampling method that involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and randomly sampling from each stratum.

Question 20

Cluster sampling

Answer 20

A probability sampling technique where the population is divided into clusters, and entire clusters are randomly selected to participate.

Question 21

Sampling bias

Answer 21

A systematic error that occurs when the sample is not representative of the population, leading to inaccurate results.

Question 22

Non-response bias

Answer 22

A form of sampling bias that occurs when individuals who do not respond to a survey differ systematically from those who do, affecting results.