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The Science of Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Serves as the control center of the body by integrating mass communication networks consisting of billions of nerve cells called neurons, which are designed to convey information

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

What are the three main functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory (external surroundings), integrative (interpretation of info by brain), and motor functioning (response of stimuli)

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3
Q

What are 4 of the major systems that affect the body during exercise?

A

Nervous system, skeletal system, muscular system, and cardiorespiratory system

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4
Q

Speeds up the process of communication between nerve cells

A

Myelin sheath

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4
Q

What is the main component of neurons

A

Soma or cell body

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons

A

Interneurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons

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6
Q

transmits signals from one neuron to another neuron

A

Interneurons

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7
Q

Sends signals from spinal cord or the brain to other parts of the body

A

Motor neurons

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8
Q

Sends signals from different areas of the body to the brain or spinal cord

A

Sensory neurons

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9
Q

What are the 2 major compartments of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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10
Q

Includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous system

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11
Q

Consists of all nerves in the body

A

peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

What are the four major sections of the brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalons
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Brain Stem
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12
Q

The largest part of the brain, which is responsible for 85% of the brain’s total weight. The right and left communicate muscles, organs, thoughts, hearing, and language

A

Cerebrum

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13
Q

The central part of the brain which includes glands important for release or regulation of hormones

A

Diencephalons

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13
Q

Located in the back side of the brain which is responsible for the control of balance, posture, and coordination

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

The most vital section of the brain. Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

A

Brain stem

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15
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is divided into which 2 areas?

A

Voluntary (somatic) and Involuntary system (autonomic-ANS)

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16
Q

Signals skeletal muscles to control voluntary movements

A

Voluntary system

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17
Q

Controls involuntary processes that occurs inside the body which includes heart rate, digestion and breathing

A

Involuntary system

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18
Q

What are the two parts of the involuntary system?

A

Sympathetic ANS and the parasympathetic ANS

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19
Q

Kicks in under stressful conditions (fight or flight)

A

Sympathetic ANS

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20
Q

Slows down bodily functions and rest conditions

A

Parasympathetic ANS

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21
Q

Provides form and shape to the body, there giving protection and support, plus allowing bodily movement

A

Skeletal System

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22
Provides protection for internal organs
Bones
23
Formed by one bone that articulates with another bone
Joint
23
What is the best exercise for increasing nutrition to the joints?
Stretching
24
The forces that help the body perform physical activity are supplied by the
Muscular system
25
What are the 3 types of muscles?
Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal
26
found in the walls of the heart that are involuntary
Cardiac muscles
27
found in epithelial organs that are involuntary
Smooth
28
Composed of many threadlike striations (myofibril) and is attached to the skeleton
Skeletal muscles
29
The basic contractile unit of the myofibril
Sarcomere
30
The thin band of the sarcomere
Actin
31
The thicker band of the sarcomere
Myosin
32
What's needed for every cycle of the sarcomere
Calcium ions
33
The 3 Muscle Actions
Isometric, concentric, and eccentric
34
What type of muscle action is the up phase of a bicep curl
Concentric
35
What type of muscle action is the down phase of a bicep curl?
Eccentric
36
Wall squats and planks are examples of what type of muscle action?
Isometric
37
What muscle action is taking place in the tricep in the down phase of a tricep pushdown
Concentric
38
What causes soreness?
The lactic acid buildup during anaerobic effort
39
What does DOMS stand for
Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness
40
Happens 24-48 hours after intense exercise. It is not due to lactic acid, but actual soreness within the muscle. The muscle is repairing itself and adapting
Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
41
- Exercises that require endurance and stamina - Depend largely on far for energy - Are found in the postural muscle in order to stay contracted for longer periods of time without fatiguing - High capillary supply
Slow twitch (Type I)
42
- High glycolytic capacity - Used up for faster movements; sprints, power lifts, jumps - Fatigues fast - Low capillary supply
Fast twitch (Type II)
43
What do protein filaments make up?
Muscle fibers
44
Specialized cells which are controlled by the nervous system
Muscle fibers
45
Offers oxygen, nutrient delivery throughout the body and serves as a mechanisms for removing waste within the body
Cardiovascular system
46
What are the 7 Main Functions of the Cardiorespiratory System
1. Transportation 2. Distribution 3. Removal of waste 4. Regulation of body pH 5. Proper function of hormones and enzymes 6. Maintenance of fluid volume 7. Maintenance of body temperature
47
Often referred to as the pulmonary system and is made of soft tissues and skeletal structures
Respiratory system
48
All the structures that air travels through before entering the two respiratory passageways are called
Conduction passageways
49
A muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout the body
Heart
50
How many chambers is the heart composed of?
4 2 Atriums and 2 Ventricles
51
What is the strongest chamber of the heart
Left Ventricle
52
The actual process of breathing
Ventilation
53
The capacity to do work
Energy
54
What are the 3 Energy Systems?
- ATP- Creatine Phosphate system - Short-term Energy- Lactic acid or Glycolytic system - Long-term energy- Aerobic or Oxidative system
55
the storage and transfer unit of energy within the cells of the body
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
55
Can occur in the presence of oxygen but can also occur without oxygen present during respiration
Glycolysis

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