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Personal Training > The Science of Exercise > Flashcards

The Science of Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Serves as the control center of the body by integrating mass communication networks consisting of billions of nerve cells called neurons, which are designed to convey information

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

What are the three main functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory (external surroundings), integrative (interpretation of info by brain), and motor functioning (response of stimuli)

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3
Q

What are 4 of the major systems that affect the body during exercise?

A

Nervous system, skeletal system, muscular system, and cardiorespiratory system

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4
Q

Speeds up the process of communication between nerve cells

A

Myelin sheath

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4
Q

What is the main component of neurons

A

Soma or cell body

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons

A

Interneurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons

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6
Q

transmits signals from one neuron to another neuron

A

Interneurons

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7
Q

Sends signals from spinal cord or the brain to other parts of the body

A

Motor neurons

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8
Q

Sends signals from different areas of the body to the brain or spinal cord

A

Sensory neurons

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9
Q

What are the 2 major compartments of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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10
Q

Includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous system

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11
Q

Consists of all nerves in the body

A

peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

What are the four major sections of the brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalons
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Brain Stem
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12
Q

The largest part of the brain, which is responsible for 85% of the brain’s total weight. The right and left communicate muscles, organs, thoughts, hearing, and language

A

Cerebrum

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13
Q

The central part of the brain which includes glands important for release or regulation of hormones

A

Diencephalons

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13
Q

Located in the back side of the brain which is responsible for the control of balance, posture, and coordination

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

The most vital section of the brain. Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

A

Brain stem

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15
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is divided into which 2 areas?

A

Voluntary (somatic) and Involuntary system (autonomic-ANS)

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16
Q

Signals skeletal muscles to control voluntary movements

A

Voluntary system

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17
Q

Controls involuntary processes that occurs inside the body which includes heart rate, digestion and breathing

A

Involuntary system

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18
Q

What are the two parts of the involuntary system?

A

Sympathetic ANS and the parasympathetic ANS

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19
Q

Kicks in under stressful conditions (fight or flight)

A

Sympathetic ANS

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20
Q

Slows down bodily functions and rest conditions

A

Parasympathetic ANS

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21
Q

Provides form and shape to the body, there giving protection and support, plus allowing bodily movement

A

Skeletal System

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22
Q

Provides protection for internal organs

A

Bones

23
Q

Formed by one bone that articulates with another bone

A

Joint

23
Q

What is the best exercise for increasing nutrition to the joints?

A

Stretching

24
Q

The forces that help the body perform physical activity are supplied by the

A

Muscular system

25
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal

26
Q

found in the walls of the heart that are involuntary

A

Cardiac muscles

27
Q

found in epithelial organs that are involuntary

A

Smooth

28
Q

Composed of many threadlike striations (myofibril) and is attached to the skeleton

A

Skeletal muscles

29
Q

The basic contractile unit of the myofibril

A

Sarcomere

30
Q

The thin band of the sarcomere

A

Actin

31
Q

The thicker band of the sarcomere

A

Myosin

32
Q

What’s needed for every cycle of the sarcomere

A

Calcium ions

33
Q

The 3 Muscle Actions

A

Isometric, concentric, and eccentric

34
Q

What type of muscle action is the up phase of a bicep curl

A

Concentric

35
Q

What type of muscle action is the down phase of a bicep curl?

A

Eccentric

36
Q

Wall squats and planks are examples of what type of muscle action?

A

Isometric

37
Q

What muscle action is taking place in the tricep in the down phase of a tricep pushdown

A

Concentric

38
Q

What causes soreness?

A

The lactic acid buildup during anaerobic effort

39
Q

What does DOMS stand for

A

Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness

40
Q

Happens 24-48 hours after intense exercise. It is not due to lactic acid, but actual soreness within the muscle. The muscle is repairing itself and adapting

A

Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

41
Q
  • Exercises that require endurance and stamina
  • Depend largely on far for energy
  • Are found in the postural muscle in order to stay contracted for longer periods of time without fatiguing
  • High capillary supply
A

Slow twitch (Type I)

42
Q
  • High glycolytic capacity
  • Used up for faster movements; sprints, power lifts, jumps
  • Fatigues fast
  • Low capillary supply
A

Fast twitch (Type II)

43
Q

What do protein filaments make up?

A

Muscle fibers

44
Q

Specialized cells which are controlled by the nervous system

A

Muscle fibers

45
Q

Offers oxygen, nutrient delivery throughout the body and serves as a mechanisms for removing waste within the body

A

Cardiovascular system

46
Q

What are the 7 Main Functions of the Cardiorespiratory System

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Distribution
  3. Removal of waste
  4. Regulation of body pH
  5. Proper function of hormones and enzymes
  6. Maintenance of fluid volume
  7. Maintenance of body temperature
47
Q

Often referred to as the pulmonary system and is made of soft tissues and skeletal structures

A

Respiratory system

48
Q

All the structures that air travels through before entering the two respiratory passageways are called

A

Conduction passageways

49
Q

A muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout the body

A

Heart

50
Q

How many chambers is the heart composed of?

A

4
2 Atriums and 2 Ventricles

51
Q

What is the strongest chamber of the heart

A

Left Ventricle

52
Q

The actual process of breathing

A

Ventilation

53
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

54
Q

What are the 3 Energy Systems?

A
  • ATP- Creatine Phosphate system
  • Short-term Energy- Lactic acid or Glycolytic system
  • Long-term energy- Aerobic or Oxidative system
55
Q

the storage and transfer unit of energy within the cells of the body

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

55
Q

Can occur in the presence of oxygen but can also occur without oxygen present during respiration

A

Glycolysis

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