The Ruminant Stomach

Question 1

What is the evolutionary advantage of the compound stomach?

Answer 1

It provides an upper digestive tract capable of promoting the growth of fermentation microorganisms which produce unique enzymes that can break down the low quality foodstuffs ingested by the ruminant

Question 2

Which compartment of the compound stomach is not necessary for fermentative digestion

Answer 2

Abomasum

Question 3

Which side does the rumen occupy?

Answer 3

Left

Question 4

The surface of the left side of the rumen

Answer 4

Parietal

Question 5

The parietal surface of the rumen lies adjacent to the

Answer 5

Left abdominal wall and diaphragm

Question 6

The right side of the rumen

Answer 6

Visceral

Question 7

The visceral surface of the rumen faces the

Answer 7

intestines, liver, omasum, and abomasum

Question 8

Side the reticulum is primarily located

Answer 8

Left

Question 9

Most cranial compartment of the compound stomach

Answer 9

Reticulum

Question 10

Location of the omasum

Answer 10

Cranial right side caudal to the reticulum

Question 11

Location of the abomasum

Answer 11

Right ventral floor

Question 12

The abomasum is large at birth and in calves because

Answer 12

It contains glands that digest milk

Question 13

Internal unfolding so of the rumen are called

Answer 13

Pillars

Question 14

Pillars divide the rumen into

Answer 14

Sacs

Question 15

The rumen has great movement because

Answer 15

It is only attached to the abdominal wall dorsally

Question 16

Ruminal grooves are important because

Answer 16

They carry vessels and nerves to the rumen

Question 17

The importance of pillars

Answer 17

They provide “bone” against which the smooth muscle can pull

Question 18

Separates the caudodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs

Answer 18

Caudal pillar

Question 19

Separates the dorsal sac and caudodorsal blind sac

Answer 19

Dorsal coronary pillar

Question 20

Separates the dorsal and ventral sacs

Answer 20

Right longitudinal pillar

Question 21

Separates the cranial sac and ventral sac

Answer 21

Cranial pillar

Question 22

Separates the ventral sac and caudoventral blind sac

Answer 22

Ventral coronary pillar

Question 23

The cranial sac of the rumen freely communicates with the reticulum through the

Answer 23

Ruminoreticular orifice

Question 24

The ruminoreticular orifice in incompletely surrounded by the

Answer 24

Ruminoreticular fold and

The esophagus, via the cardia

Question 25

The purpose of ruminal papillae

Answer 25

Is to increase mucosal SA, thereby increasing absorption; they are developed in association with volatile fatty acids

Question 26

The reticulum communicates with the omasum via the

Answer 26

Reticulo-omasal orifice

Question 27

Provides a bypass of the rumen, or a direct connection between the cardia and omasum

Answer 27

Reticular groove

Question 28

The reticular groove continues in the omasum as the ___, bypassing the omasum

Answer 28

Omasal groove

Question 29

The reticular and omasal grooves are important because

Answer 29

Calves can only digest milk in the true glandular stomach, the abomasum

Question 30

Traumatic pericarditis is also called

Answer 30

Hardware disease

Question 31

Honeycomb

Answer 31

Reticulum

Question 32

In traumatic pericarditis, heavy foreign objects that are swallowed and retained in the reticulum

Answer 32

Penetrate the cranial wall of the reticulum and cause inflammation of peritoneal and pleural linings, as well as involve the heart

Question 33

What do you use to bypass the rumen in an adult cow?

Answer 33

Bicarbonate

Question 34

The mucosal folds that form the mucosal surface of the reticulum

Answer 34

Reticular crests

Question 35

Spherical organ on the right side

Answer 35

Omasum

Question 36

Broad, flat leaves produced by the omasal mucosa, covered with short and stubby papillae

Answer 36

Omasal laminae

Question 37

Omasal laminae project towards the omasal canal and function to

Answer 37

Increase the absorptive surface area for water and fatty acids because the material found in the omasum is always very dry

Question 38

The true glandular stomach of the ruminant with a fungus, body, and pyloric region

Answer 38

Abomasum

Question 39

Continuation of the omasal groove into the abomasum

Answer 39

Abomasal groove

Question 40

Differentiation of the omasal and abomasal groove occurs at the

Answer 40

Omasoabomasal orifice

Question 41

Present in the pylorus of the abomasum

Answer 41

Torus pyloricus

Question 42

Blood supply of the ruminant stomach

Answer 42

Celiac artery and its branches Right: splenic and right ruminal; hepatic and left ruminal and reticular Left: left gastric, left ruminal, and right ruminal

Question 43

Blood supply to the caudal half of the rumen, including the blind sacs Comes off of the splenic artery

Answer 43

Right ruminal artery

Question 44

Blood supply to the cranial half of the rumen Comes off of the splenic artery

Answer 44

Left ruminal artery

Question 45

Blood supply to the reticulum Comes from the splenic -> left ruminal artery

Answer 45

Reticular artery

Question 46

Blood supply to the greater curvature of the omasum and the lesser curvatures of the abomasum

Answer 46

Left gastric artery

Question 47

Blood supply to the lesser curvature of the omasum and greater curvature of the abomasum Branch of the left gastric artery

Answer 47

Left gastroepiploic artery

Question 48

Blood supply to the distal half of the abomasum

Answer 48

Hepatic artery Right gastric artery (lesser curvature) Right gastroepiploic artery (greater curvature)

Question 49

Fatal vagal indigestion

Answer 49

When a lymph node pinches off the dorsal and ventral vagaries trunks, the rumen is paralyzed; this causes death because the rumen compresses the lungs and causes suffocation

Question 50

Innervation for the rumen, visceral surfaces of the reticulum and omasum, and the lesser curvature of the abomasum

Answer 50

Dorsal vagal trunk

Question 51

Innervation for the parietal surface of the stomach, including the reticulum, omasum, and right abomasum

Answer 51

Ventral vagal trunk

Question 52

Vagal innervation is responsible for the functions of:

Answer 52

Ruminoreticular contraction cycles Omasal contraction cycle Eructation Regurgitation Reflex closure of reticular (gastric) groove Abomasal motility and secretion

Question 53

Forms a two-layer sling between the descending duodenum on the right side and the caudal part of the rumen on the left side

Answer 53

Greater momentum

Question 54

Attachments of the superficial leaf of the greater omentum

Answer 54

Left longitudinal groove laterally Greater curvature of the abomasum cranially

Question 55

When would the superficial leaf of the greater omentum NOT lie against the parietal peritoneum of the ventral abdominal wall?

Answer 55

Pregnancy

Question 56

Attachments of the deep leaf of the greater omentum

Answer 56

Right longitudinal groove of the rumen

Question 57

The ventral sac of the rumen lies within the

Answer 57

Omental bursa

Question 58

The space where the small intestine and spiral colon rest on the dorsal surface of the deep leaf of the greater omentum. It is open caudally

Answer 58

Supraomental recess

Question 59

How do you reach the small intestine, colon, and cecum during surgery through the right paralumbar fossa?

Answer 59

Pull the greater omentum cranially

Question 60

Attachment on the greater curvature of the abomasum

Answer 60

Greater omentum

Question 61

Attaches to the liver, right side of the omasum, and lesser curvature of the abomasum

Answer 61

Lesser omentum

Question 62

The four compartments of the rumen stomach

Answer 62

Reticulum Rumen Omasum Abomasum