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Large Animal Anatomy > The Ruminant Stomach > Flashcards

The Ruminant Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the evolutionary advantage of the compound stomach?

A

It provides an upper digestive tract capable of promoting the growth of fermentation microorganisms which produce unique enzymes that can break down the low quality foodstuffs ingested by the ruminant

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2
Q

Which compartment of the compound stomach is not necessary for fermentative digestion

A

Abomasum

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3
Q

Which side does the rumen occupy?

A

Left

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4
Q

The surface of the left side of the rumen

A

Parietal

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5
Q

The parietal surface of the rumen lies adjacent to the

A

Left abdominal wall and diaphragm

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6
Q

The right side of the rumen

A

Visceral

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7
Q

The visceral surface of the rumen faces the

A

intestines, liver, omasum, and abomasum

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8
Q

Side the reticulum is primarily located

A

Left

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9
Q

Most cranial compartment of the compound stomach

A

Reticulum

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10
Q

Location of the omasum

A

Cranial right side caudal to the reticulum

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11
Q

Location of the abomasum

A

Right ventral floor

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12
Q

The abomasum is large at birth and in calves because

A

It contains glands that digest milk

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13
Q

Internal unfolding so of the rumen are called

A

Pillars

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14
Q

Pillars divide the rumen into

A

Sacs

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15
Q

The rumen has great movement because

A

It is only attached to the abdominal wall dorsally

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16
Q

Ruminal grooves are important because

A

They carry vessels and nerves to the rumen

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17
Q

The importance of pillars

A

They provide “bone” against which the smooth muscle can pull

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18
Q

Separates the caudodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs

A

Caudal pillar

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19
Q

Separates the dorsal sac and caudodorsal blind sac

A

Dorsal coronary pillar

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20
Q

Separates the dorsal and ventral sacs

A

Right longitudinal pillar

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21
Q

Separates the cranial sac and ventral sac

A

Cranial pillar

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22
Q

Separates the ventral sac and caudoventral blind sac

A

Ventral coronary pillar

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23
Q

The cranial sac of the rumen freely communicates with the reticulum through the

A

Ruminoreticular orifice

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24
Q

The ruminoreticular orifice in incompletely surrounded by the

A

Ruminoreticular fold and

The esophagus, via the cardia

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25
Q

The purpose of ruminal papillae

A

Is to increase mucosal SA, thereby increasing absorption; they are developed in association with volatile fatty acids

26
Q

The reticulum communicates with the omasum via the

A

Reticulo-omasal orifice

27
Q

Provides a bypass of the rumen, or a direct connection between the cardia and omasum

A

Reticular groove

28
Q

The reticular groove continues in the omasum as the ___, bypassing the omasum

A

Omasal groove

29
Q

The reticular and omasal grooves are important because

A

Calves can only digest milk in the true glandular stomach, the abomasum

30
Q

Traumatic pericarditis is also called

A

Hardware disease

31
Q

Honeycomb

32
Q

In traumatic pericarditis, heavy foreign objects that are swallowed and retained in the reticulum

A

Penetrate the cranial wall of the reticulum and cause inflammation of peritoneal and pleural linings, as well as involve the heart

33
Q

What do you use to bypass the rumen in an adult cow?

A

Bicarbonate

34
Q

The mucosal folds that form the mucosal surface of the reticulum

A

Reticular crests

35
Q

Spherical organ on the right side

36
Q

Broad, flat leaves produced by the omasal mucosa, covered with short and stubby papillae

A

Omasal laminae

37
Q

Omasal laminae project towards the omasal canal and function to

A

Increase the absorptive surface area for water and fatty acids because the material found in the omasum is always very dry

38
Q

The true glandular stomach of the ruminant with a fungus, body, and pyloric region

39
Q

Continuation of the omasal groove into the abomasum

A

Abomasal groove

40
Q

Differentiation of the omasal and abomasal groove occurs at the

A

Omasoabomasal orifice

41
Q

Present in the pylorus of the abomasum

A

Torus pyloricus

42
Q

Blood supply of the ruminant stomach

A

Celiac artery and its branches

Right: splenic and right ruminal; hepatic and left ruminal and reticular

Left: left gastric, left ruminal, and right ruminal

43
Q

Blood supply to the caudal half of the rumen, including the blind sacs

Comes off of the splenic artery

A

Right ruminal artery

44
Q

Blood supply to the cranial half of the rumen

Comes off of the splenic artery

A

Left ruminal artery

45
Q

Blood supply to the reticulum

Comes from the splenic -> left ruminal artery

A

Reticular artery

46
Q

Blood supply to the greater curvature of the omasum and the lesser curvatures of the abomasum

A

Left gastric artery

47
Q

Blood supply to the lesser curvature of the omasum and greater curvature of the abomasum

Branch of the left gastric artery

A

Left gastroepiploic artery

48
Q

Blood supply to the distal half of the abomasum

A

Hepatic artery

Right gastric artery (lesser curvature)

Right gastroepiploic artery (greater curvature)

49
Q

Fatal vagal indigestion

A

When a lymph node pinches off the dorsal and ventral vagaries trunks, the rumen is paralyzed; this causes death because the rumen compresses the lungs and causes suffocation

50
Q

Innervation for the rumen, visceral surfaces of the reticulum and omasum, and the lesser curvature of the abomasum

A

Dorsal vagal trunk

51
Q

Innervation for the parietal surface of the stomach, including the reticulum, omasum, and right abomasum

A

Ventral vagal trunk

52
Q

Vagal innervation is responsible for the functions of:

A

Ruminoreticular contraction cycles

Omasal contraction cycle

Eructation

Regurgitation

Reflex closure of reticular (gastric) groove

Abomasal motility and secretion

53
Q

Forms a two-layer sling between the descending duodenum on the right side and the caudal part of the rumen on the left side

A

Greater momentum

54
Q

Attachments of the superficial leaf of the greater omentum

A

Left longitudinal groove laterally

Greater curvature of the abomasum cranially

55
Q

When would the superficial leaf of the greater omentum NOT lie against the parietal peritoneum of the ventral abdominal wall?

56
Q

Attachments of the deep leaf of the greater omentum

A

Right longitudinal groove of the rumen

57
Q

The ventral sac of the rumen lies within the

A

Omental bursa

58
Q

The space where the small intestine and spiral colon rest on the dorsal surface of the deep leaf of the greater omentum. It is open caudally

A

Supraomental recess

59
Q

How do you reach the small intestine, colon, and cecum during surgery through the right paralumbar fossa?

A

Pull the greater omentum cranially

60
Q

Attachment on the greater curvature of the abomasum

A

Greater omentum

61
Q

Attaches to the liver, right side of the omasum, and lesser curvature of the abomasum

A

Lesser omentum

62
Q

The four compartments of the rumen stomach

A

Reticulum

Rumen

Omasum

Abomasum

Large Animal Anatomy (7 decks)

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