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Large Animal Anatomy > Clinical Correlations > Flashcards

Clinical Correlations Flashcards

1
Q

Names of T13, L1, and L2 in a cow

A

Intercostal

Iliohypogastric

Ilioinguinal

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2
Q

Inverted L anesthesia

A

SQ inj. Cranial and dorsal to the site of the incision

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3
Q

Paravertebral anesthesia

A

Anesthesia given at the cranial tips of the lumbar transverse processes

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4
Q

Epidural anesthesia

A

Given in the epidural space of the vertebral canal

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5
Q

The 3 nerves that must be blocked to desensitize the paralumbar fossa in a cow

A

T13, L1, and L2

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6
Q

The proximal block for Paravertebral anesthesia blocks

A

T13, L1, and L2

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7
Q

The distal block in Paravertebral anesthesia blocks at which transverse processes?

A

L1, L2, and L4

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8
Q

What is exposed when the left side of a cow is penetrated through the paralumbar fossa?

A

Dorsal sac of the rumen

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9
Q

What is first seen when the right paralumbar fossa in a cow is incised?

A

The greater omentum, which must be moved forward to display the abdominal organs

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10
Q

The most important artery when incising the paralumbar fossa

A

Deep circumflex iliac artery

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11
Q

Xylazine dosage for a fractious cow

A

10-15 mg IV

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12
Q

Proximal Paravertebral block (Farquharson method) penetrates

A

The intertransverse ligament

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13
Q

Paralumbar distal block (Magda’s Method) is more paralumbar, and 10 ml of lidocaine is injected above the transverse process for which purpose?

A

To block the dorsolateral and ventral branches of the nerves

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14
Q

Anesthetic method that blocks the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord in the vicinity of the intervertebral foramen

A

Epidural

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15
Q

Proper site for epidural anesthesia of the paralumbar fossa

A

Interarcuate space between L1 and L2

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16
Q

Why is it important that you not inject too much anesthesia when using the epidural method?

A

Too much anesthesia can migrate to the femoral nerve and lead to paralysis of the extensors of the stifle, causing the cow to collapse

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17
Q

Structures incised during laparotomy in paralumbar fossa

A

Skin

Superficial fascia

Deep fascia

External abdominal oblique

Internal abdominal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Retroperitoneal fat

Parietal peritoneum

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18
Q

Advantages of the grid technique

A

Less traumatic, so faster recovery

Decreases likelihood of herniation

Avoids the ventromedial branches of T13, L1, and L2 between the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis

19
Q

Paralumbar procedures formed in the right flank

A

Exploratory laparotomy

Correction of abomasal displacement and volvulus

Intussusception

Intestinal phytobezoar

20
Q

Paralumbar procedures performed in the left flank

A

C-section

Rumenotomies

Rumenostomies

21
Q

When do 80% of displacement abomasums occur?

A

Within 1 month of parturition

22
Q

Which displacement abomasum is most common?

A

LDA, then AV, then RDA

23
Q

Likely reason for displacement abomasum

A

Abomasal hypomotility

24
Q

Why does a displacement abomasum (LDA) ping?

A

Because of the accumulated gas in the abomasum

25
Q

Which direction dies abomasal volvulus typically occur?

A

Counterclockwise

26
Q

Methods to maintain abomasum in correct position

A

Abomasopexy

Omentopexy

27
Q

Side on which abomasopexy is performed

A

Left

28
Q

Ineterventions performed in the left paralumbar fossa

A

Rumenocentesis (mainly for bloat)

Rumenotomy (bloat, impact ion, foreign body, etc)

29
Q

2 instruments needed for bloat

A

Trocar and cannula (if endogastric tube does not work)

30
Q

Tests for abdominal pain in cows

A

Withers pinch (Scootch) test

Grunt test

31
Q

Which colon in the horse has NO sacculations?

A

Left dorsal colon

32
Q

Bands and sacculations: RVC

A

2 free

2 hidden

Yes

33
Q

Bands and sacculations: LVC

A

2 free

2 hidden

Yes

34
Q

Bands and sacculations: LDC

A

0 free

1 hidden

No

35
Q

Bands and sacculations: RDC

A

2 free

1 hidden

Indistinct

36
Q

Bands and sacculations: small colon

A

1 free

1 hidden

Yes

37
Q

How is abdominal surgery in a horse generally performed?

A

Dorsal recumbency under general anesthesia

38
Q

Common sites of impaction in a horse

A

Pelvic flexure

Cecum

Transverse colon

39
Q

Problem in the large intestine that can be diagnosed by rectal palpation

A

Displacement of the ascending colon

40
Q

When closing the parietal peritoneum in the horse, it is recommended to suture through this so that the sutures are more stable

A

Round ligament of the liver

41
Q

Liver biopsies in horses should be done at the

A

Right 12th intercostal space

Or

Left 8th intercostal space at the level of the deltoid tuberosity of humerus

42
Q

Liver biopsies in cows should be done at

A

Right 10th or 11th intercostal space in adult

Dorsocranial part of right paralumbar fossa or 12th intercostal space in calf

43
Q

The borders of the paralumbar fossa

A

Cranial: last rib

Dorsal: spinal muscle from last rib to tuber coxae

Caudoventral: muscular part of internal abdominal oblique from last rib to tuber coxae

Large Animal Anatomy (7 decks)

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