Clinical Correlations Flashcards
Names of T13, L1, and L2 in a cow
Intercostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Inverted L anesthesia
SQ inj. Cranial and dorsal to the site of the incision
Paravertebral anesthesia
Anesthesia given at the cranial tips of the lumbar transverse processes
Epidural anesthesia
Given in the epidural space of the vertebral canal
The 3 nerves that must be blocked to desensitize the paralumbar fossa in a cow
T13, L1, and L2
The proximal block for Paravertebral anesthesia blocks
T13, L1, and L2
The distal block in Paravertebral anesthesia blocks at which transverse processes?
L1, L2, and L4
What is exposed when the left side of a cow is penetrated through the paralumbar fossa?
Dorsal sac of the rumen
What is first seen when the right paralumbar fossa in a cow is incised?
The greater omentum, which must be moved forward to display the abdominal organs
The most important artery when incising the paralumbar fossa
Deep circumflex iliac artery
Xylazine dosage for a fractious cow
10-15 mg IV
Proximal Paravertebral block (Farquharson method) penetrates
The intertransverse ligament
Paralumbar distal block (Magda’s Method) is more paralumbar, and 10 ml of lidocaine is injected above the transverse process for which purpose?
To block the dorsolateral and ventral branches of the nerves
Anesthetic method that blocks the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord in the vicinity of the intervertebral foramen
Epidural
Proper site for epidural anesthesia of the paralumbar fossa
Interarcuate space between L1 and L2
Why is it important that you not inject too much anesthesia when using the epidural method?
Too much anesthesia can migrate to the femoral nerve and lead to paralysis of the extensors of the stifle, causing the cow to collapse
Structures incised during laparotomy in paralumbar fossa
Skin
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Retroperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
Advantages of the grid technique
Less traumatic, so faster recovery
Decreases likelihood of herniation
Avoids the ventromedial branches of T13, L1, and L2 between the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis
Paralumbar procedures formed in the right flank
Exploratory laparotomy
Correction of abomasal displacement and volvulus
Intussusception
Intestinal phytobezoar
Paralumbar procedures performed in the left flank
C-section
Rumenotomies
Rumenostomies
When do 80% of displacement abomasums occur?
Within 1 month of parturition
Which displacement abomasum is most common?
LDA, then AV, then RDA
Likely reason for displacement abomasum
Abomasal hypomotility
Why does a displacement abomasum (LDA) ping?
Because of the accumulated gas in the abomasum
