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Year 1 Animal Health > The role of pathogenic organisms in animal disease > Flashcards

The role of pathogenic organisms in animal disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of a bacteria

A
  • single celled organsim
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2
Q

What is the structure of a virus

A

simple organsim that consits of gentic material

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3
Q

What is the structure of fungi

A

multicellular fungi

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4
Q

What is the structure of the protozoa

A

single celled

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5
Q

What is the structure of the parasite

A

any organism that loves on another organism

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6
Q

What is the replication of bacteria

A

bacteria replicated asexually

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7
Q

What is the replication of Virus

A

they are so small they can fit into cells

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8
Q

What is the replication of fungi

A

fungi can reproduce sexually or asexually

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9
Q

What is the replication of Protozoa

A

It can reproduce sexually or asexually

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10
Q

What is the replication of Parasite

A

they can reproduce by laying eggs: fleas, ticks, mites and lice

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11
Q

Examples of Bacteria

A

E.coli, salmonella

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12
Q

Examples of Viruses

A

foot and mouth disease, influenza strains

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13
Q

Examples of fungi

A

mushrooms, Candida (a yeast responsible for thrush), tinea (ringworm athlete’s foot)

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14
Q

Examples of Protozoa

A

Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium (responsible for malaria)

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15
Q

Where do parasites get their food

A

from the host

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16
Q

What does endoparasite mean

A

lives in an animal (worms)

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17
Q

What does ectoparasites mean

A

Lives on an animal (fleas, ticks, mites)

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18
Q

What are the two types of worms and characterisitcs

A

-roundworm - they are round and white
-tapeworm - they are flat

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19
Q

What are an animals symptoms if they have worms

A
  • diarrhoea
  • anaemia
  • dehydration
  • loss of weight
  • pot belly
20
Q

Treatments for worms?

A
  • de wroming (injections, tablets)
21
Q

What are the symptoms of fleas in animals

A
  • skin irritation
  • other allergic reactions
  • blood infections
22
Q

Treatments for fleas?

A
  • flea spray, powders, tablets and shampoos
23
Q

What are the symptoms of ticks in animals

A
  • itching and skin irritation
  • Loss of fur
  • dull coat
24
Q

Treatments for ticks?

A

sprays
- powders
- tablets
- collars
- and shampoos

25
Q

What are the symptoms of mites in the animals

A
  • itchiness
  • sore, dry skin
  • dark crusts of skinin the ears
  • poor condition
26
Q

Treatments for mites

A
  • chemicals to kill them are called acaricides
27
Q

What is an acaricides

A

is a chemical that kills mites and ticks

28
Q

WHat are the symptoms of lice

A

itching
- bad skin condition
- loss of fur

29
Q

Treatment of lice

A

shampoos, powders, sprasy

30
Q

What are the different methods of disease transmission

A
  • Direct transmission
  • Indirect
  • Airborne
  • Pathogens
  • Inhalation
  • Injection
31
Q

What is direct transmission

A

When the animals comes into physical contact with each other either by touching or bodily fluids

32
Q

What is indirect disease transmission

A

When a disease is transmitted via a contaminated object

33
Q

What is airborne disease transmission

A

transmitted through tiny droplets in the air. For example after an animal sneezes or coughs.

34
Q

What is Pathogens disease transmission

A

they will crawl inside and cause internal issues

35
Q

What is inhalation disease transmission

A

requires an animal to breathe in a pathogen which is airborne.

36
Q

What is ingestion disease transmission

A

Disease which is transmitted through eating or drinking

37
Q

What are the 2 ways indirect transmission can occur and what are they?

A

Fomite- non-living object that can transmit diseases
Vector- a living organisms that transmit diseases

38
Q

What is immunity?

A

immune system of antibodies helps to protects the animals against diseases

39
Q

What are the 4 different types of immunity?

A
  • Natural immunity
  • Artificial immunity
  • Passive immunity
  • Active immunity
40
Q

What is natural immunity

A

when an animal will already have immunity to a range of diseases. It varies from species to species

41
Q

What is passive immunity and give an example

A

this is when an animal is given another animals antibodies which can fight of diseases. For example between a mother and an offspring through feeding with colostrum.

42
Q

What is active immunity

A

this is when an animal becomes infected by a pathogen and develops a disease, but their immune system will try to produce antibodies to kill the pathogen.

43
Q

What are antibodies

A

proteins that are produced in the bloodstream in response to a pathogen detected in the body that are able to kill pathogens

44
Q

What artificial immunity

A

This is known as a vaccine, this is when you can train the body to produce antibodies. by injecting a small amount of a pathogen into the animal it then is certain the animal will become immune to the disease.

45
Q

What are B-cells and T- cells

A

they are special types of white blood cells which are able to recognise new pathogens they then react to them and remember the chemical structure in order for the body to generate the same response for future purposes

46
Q

What is a vaccine

A

a small and specially controlled amount of pathogen introduced into a body specifically to stimulate the production of antibodies that can fight off the pathogen

47
Q

What is an asymptotic carrier

A

an animal that carrier a disease but does not contract it themselves

Year 1 Animal Health (7 decks)

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