The rock cycle Flashcards
Types of rocks
◍ Igneous
◍ Sedimentary
◍ Metamorphic
igneous
◍ formed when magma/lava is cooled and solidified
◍ Contains crystals
larger crystals-cooled slowly
smaller crystals-cooled quick
Granite
Intrusive/plutonic rock
Basalt
Extrusive/volcanic rock
Metamorphic
◍ formed when sedimentary/igneous rocks are changed to great heat or pressure
◍limestone turns marble(connemara galway).
◍Sandstone turns quartzite(great sugar loaf mountain co.wicklow)
thermal metamorphism
◍occurs to great heat alone
◍ changes rock composition
Regional metamorphism
◍ Great heat and pressure
◍Caldonian fold mountain building period
Dynamic metamorphism
great pressure
Sedimentary rocks
◍ formed over millons of years on land,lake and under the sea
◍ formed w. dead plants and animals they compact and cement to form rocks
◍ limestone is permable=water passes through
organic sedimentary rock
formed by the remains of plants and animals
Inorganic sedimentary rock
formed from the broken down remains of pre-existing rock
plutonic rock
◍ intrusive
◍ they form w. magma crystallising within the crust
Volcanic rock
◍extrusive
◍ form on the earth’s surface by solidifying magma
Magma
◍ Forms when rock layers have been subducted into the mantle
◍ these rock layers melt and form molten rock(magma)
Lithification
◍ a process where sediments are compacted under pressure and overtime became solid rock
◍ eg.) loose sand turning into sandstone
