The Rock Cycle

Question 1

What is the Rock Cycle?

Answer 1

Movement of rocks from the subsurface to the surface.

Question 2

Rock types within the Rock Cycle

Answer 2

1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic

Question 3

Source/Rock forming process: Igneous Rocks

Answer 3

Source: Melting rocks in deep crust/upper mantle

Rock Forming process: Crystallization

Question 4

Source/Rock forming process: Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 4

Source: Weathering of rocks at surface

Rock forming process: Deposition, Burial, and lithification

Question 5

Source/Rock forming process: Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 5

Source: High temp/pressure in deep crust/upper mantle

Rock forming process: Recrystallization in solid state (new minerals)

Question 6

Igneous Activity (Formation of new rock)

Answer 6

• 1200oC, magma begins to crystallize. (more runny)
  
  • olivine
• 900oC
  
  • pyroxene and feldspars
• 600oC
  
  • more feldspars (more explosive) (less runny)

Question 7

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 7

forms and solidifies in earths crust.

Question 8

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 8

Formed on the surface when volcanos erupt. Tend to be fine grained

Question 9

Mafic

Answer 9

magnesium and iron rich (Dark)

Question 10

Felsic

Answer 10

silicate and aluminum rich (Lighter)

Question 11

Volcanism

Answer 11

Extrusive igneous rocks

Question 12

Ocean-Ocean convergence (Volcanism)

Answer 12

• Mafic

- Ocean plate sliding under another ocean plate, the one that slides under melts. Magma rises.

Question 13

Ocean-Continent Convergence (Volcanism)

Answer 13

• Mafic
• Ocean plate is more dense, so it slides underneath the continent plate, it melts, and it comes through the mountains above it.

Question 14

Spreading Center (Volcanism)

Answer 14

• Basaltic
• Mid Ocean ridge
• Magma from the mantle rises up and forms basalt

Question 15

Hot Spot (Volcanism)

Answer 15

• Basaltic
• Mantle plumes
• Hot magma from the core rising up to the surface

Question 16

Clastic Sediments

Answer 16

• Grains from weathering and erosion
• Buried, compacted, and eventually go through lithification
• Form sandstone, siltstone and shale.

Question 17

Chemical / Biochemical Sediments (Non-Clastic)

Answer 17

-Formed from precipitation from the water. (eg; salt from the ocean)

Question 18

Metamorphism

Answer 18

-When you take an existing rock and change their mineralogy, texture, or composition in it’s solid form. Typically within 250-700oC.

Question 19

Regional Metamorphism *

Answer 19

High pressures and temperatures extend over large regions. (eg; mountain building) Changes texture/minerology

Question 20

Contact Metamorphism *

Answer 20

High temperatures are restricted to smaller areas (Rocks near/in contact with an intrusion). Changes texture/minerology. Intrusion of existing rock

Question 21

How does carbonic acid form?

Answer 21

CO2 + H20 —> H2CO3 —> H + HCO3