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EAS 201 > Geological Time > Flashcards

Geological Time Flashcards

1
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.5 billion years old

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2
Q

When did life begin

A

4 billion years ago

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3
Q

What is the Principle of Superposition

A

oldest layer at the bottom, youngest layer at the top

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4
Q

What is Stratigraphy

A

overall package of rock

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5
Q

What is Strata

A

individual layers

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6
Q

What is the Principle of original horizontality

A

tilted rocks indicate a crustal disturbance. Happens after the rock forms.

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7
Q

What is the Principle of Original Lateral Continuity

A

Rocks that eventually get separated by a valley or something else. Same rock lies on either side

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8
Q

What is Actualism/uniformitarianism

A

“The present is the key to the past”

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9
Q

What is an Unconformity

A

“Hiatus” in the rock record. Like a missing page out of a book

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10
Q

What are the 3 different types of unconformities

A
  1. Nonconformity
  2. Disconformity
  3. Angular
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11
Q

What is Nonconformity

A

Sediments that come from weathering sit on top of older igneous rocks. Nonconformity is the period of uplift/erosion that expose the deep rocks at the surface. (gap in the record)

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12
Q

What is disconformity

A

Irregular surface caused by weathering is eventually covered by a new layer. (See slide 12 in presentation 1)

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13
Q

Angular disconformity

A

The land folds severely, weathers, and then is covered again. Easiest one to recognize.

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14
Q

Pluton

A

Magma Chamber. Cools and forms dikes

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15
Q

Dike

A

A rock that cross cuts other rocks (igneous)

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16
Q

Concept of inclusion

A

Whichever rock is “included” in the other rock is the older one.

17
Q

Biostratigraphy

A

Physical fossils, or trace fossils. Proves that life on earth was unique to each time period.

18
Q

Bioturbation

A

Fossils of the tracks made by organisms. (Trace fossils)

19
Q

Principle of Biologic Succession

A

rock unit formations could be identified by the fossils present in that rock.

20
Q

Radioactive dating

A

Uranium half life is 4.5 billion years old.
Uranium-238 (Parent isotope)
Lead-206 (Daughter isotope)
With time, you lose more and more parent isotope material. We can age rocks by using this.

EAS 201 (9 decks)

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