The Rock Cycle

Question 1

What are the 3 types of rock?

Answer 1

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

Question 2

Name 3 examples of sedimentary rocks

Answer 2

Sandstone
Limestone
Shale
Gypsum
Dolomite

Question 3

Name 3 examples of igneous rocks

Answer 3

Granite
Basalt
Obsidian 
Pumice
Gabbro

Question 4

Name 3 examples of metamorphic rocks

Answer 4

Slate
Marble
Quartzite
Serpentine

Question 5

which type of rock is most likely to have crystals?

Answer 5

Igneous

Question 6

which type of rock is LEAST likely to have fossils

Answer 6

Igneous

Question 7

which type of rock is most likely to have fossils

Answer 7

Sedimentary

Question 8

What are the 2 types of igneous formation?

Answer 8

Intrusive - magma cooling below the surface

Extrusive - magma cooling above the surface

Question 9

will intrusive or extrusive formation of igneous rock cause the biggest crystals?

Answer 9

Intrusive - because the magma cools slower, has more time for crystals to form

Question 10

What is clastic vs non-clastic formation of sedimentary rock?

Answer 10

Clastic = - Where rock is made of individual grains and pressure hardens them into rock

Non-clastic = chemical formation of rocks from dissolution of calcium shells that are compacted by temperature and pressure

Question 11

What type of rocks are found in the burgess shale?

Answer 11

Sedimentary - compact silt and clay

Question 12

What are strata?

Answer 12

Layers of sedimentary rock

Question 13

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 13

When sedimentary OR igneous rocks undergo intense heat and pressure under the Earth’s surface, they are transformed into metamorphic

Question 14

What are the two types of metamorphic rocks

Answer 14

Foliated

Non-foliated

Question 15

what are foliated metamorphic rocks?

Answer 15

Created by alteration of shale low grade regional metamorphism

They have a layered appearance

Question 16

What are non-foliated metamorphic rocks

Answer 16

Metamorphic rocks created when subjected to heat and pressure - i.e: convergent plates

Have no layers/ bands in appearance

Question 17

what are the 3 steps happening in the rock cycles?

Answer 17

Rocks are broken down by weathering to form sediment = sedimentary rocks

Rocks are melted, forming magma that cools = igneous rock

Rocks are transformed under extreme heat and pressure = metamorphic rocks

Question 18

What is weathering?

Answer 18

the breakdown in situ of rock material, under the influence of low pressure, low temperatures and the presence of air and water
- the chemical, biological AND physical breakdown of rock

Question 19

Which type of weathering is freeze-thawing?

Answer 19

Physical

Question 20

What is exfoliation/ onion skin weathering

Answer 20

when outer layers of rock cools and contracts more rapidly than at depth - causes concentric fractures so rock ‘peels’ off like an onion

Question 21

Where is onion skin weathering most likely to happen?

Answer 21

Areas with large daily fluctuations in temperature

Question 22

Which type of weathering is acid rain?

Answer 22

Chemical

Question 23

What causes acid rain?

Answer 23

Pollution of carbonic and sulphuric acid

Question 24

How does acid rain decompose bedrock?

Answer 24

carbonic and sulphuric acid in rain water reacts with mineral in rocks
Forms clays and soluble salts
Rocks decompose

Question 25

Which type of rock is unreactive to acid rain?

Answer 25

Quartz

Question 26

How does rust form?

Answer 26

iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide

Question 27

What type of weathering do tree roots cause?

Answer 27

Biological

Question 28

How do tree roots weather rocks?

Answer 28

As roots grow to find water, they pry apart rocks | Can also contribute to organic acids