Biomes Flashcards
What is a biological realm
the broadest divisions of the earth’s land surface – subdivided into ECOREGIONS/ ECOZONES
What is an ecoregion
an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm.
Ecoregions cover large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural communities and species
What is a biome
A broad, regional type of ecosystem characterised by distinctive climate and soil conditions as well as a distinctive kind of biological community adapted to those conditions
What can biome classifications be useful for
as a way of classifying the Earth’s terrestrial communities into major ecological units – correlates with regional climate types
What are biological realms characterised by?
Evolution history of the organisms within it
Floristic kingdoms
Zoogeographic regions
What are the size orders of: bio realms, ecoregions, biomes
Realm = biggest
Realms divide into ecoregions that may contain a number of biomes
Name 3 bio REALMS
Any from: Australian Oceanian Oriental Sino-Japanses Palearctic Sahro-Arabian Nearctic Panamanian Neotropical Madagascan Afrotropical
What is the key idea behind biomes/ realms?
Similar regional climates produces morphological adaptations in plants - so plants have similar plant physiognomy and similar structure in vegetation regardless of actual species
What climate type is Af in classification
Tropical wet climate/ rainforest biome
What climate type is Dfb in classification
sub-arctic climate / boreal forest biome
What factors are plant physiognomy
size shape leaf structure stem size thorns
What is the law of tolerance
for each abiotic factor, an organism has a range of tolerances within which it can survive
How much precipitation is there in a tropical biome
no less than 100mm per month
what type of soil is found in tropical biomes
Laterites
high clay content
Excessive leaching
Acidic and naturally infertile soils
What are the 3 types of desert
True desert
Semi desert
Extreme
How do true, semi and extreme deserts differ by definition
Amount of rainfall and plant coverage
True = less than 120mm semi = 150-400mm extreme = 70mm
Which type of plant is most dominant in deserts
Shrub - drought deciduous or evergreen
Which type of plant is most dominant in tropical biomes
Broad leafed evergreens (forest)