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America: Opportunity and Inequality > The Roaring 20s > Flashcards

The Roaring 20s Flashcards

1
Q

Why was there a ‘boom’ during the 1920s?

A
  • WW1: didn’t join until 1917 = very little war costs
  • republican policies: low taxes, isolationism, laissez-faire, Fordney McCumber tariff act
  • mass production
  • effective advertisement: hire purchase, mail order, billboards, radios etc.
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2
Q

How much of the world’s goods was America making during the 1920s?

A

50%

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3
Q

How did the proportion of homes with electricity change?

A
  • 1916: 15%
    ↳1927: 70%
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4
Q

When and where was Ford founded?

A

1903
Detroit, Michigan

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5
Q

What did Henry Ford do?

A
  • popularised the assembly line
    ↳ led to mass production
  • made the Model T Ford/Tin Lizzie
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6
Q

How large did Ford’s factory become?

A

the largest in the world.

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7
Q

How did the price of the Model T change?

A

1911: $800
↳1928: $295

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8
Q

Why was the Model T so easy to make and cheap?

A
  • only one engine size
  • no back windows
  • only one colour
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9
Q

What is an economic boom?

A

a period in a country’s history where businesses were doing well, sales and wages were high, and unemployment was low.

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10
Q

How many cars were on the road by 1926 and how many were Ford cars?

A
  • 20 million
    ↳ 1/2 were Ford
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11
Q

What was the effect of the car industry on other industries? What percent of steel and leather did it use?

A
  • made road build ing the biggest industry
  • for every 1 worker in the car industry, there was 10 elsewhere
  • the car industry used 20% of American steel, 65% leather etc.
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12
Q

Why did farmers not benefit from the boom?

A
  • overproduction meant that they had a low income
    ↳ due to mechanisation
  • they couldn’t afford to pay back loans taken out to buy machinery
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13
Q

How many farmers lost their farms in 1924?

A

600,000

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14
Q

What did farmers have to do when they lost their jobs and what were they known as?

A
  • they had to wander around for jobs
    ↳ hobos
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15
Q

How did traditional industries (give examples) not benefit from the boom?

A
  • cotton, wool, coal etc.
  • instead of coal, other fuels were being used, such as electricity
  • instead of cotton wool, cheaper, synthetic fibres were being used
    ↳ such as rayon & nylon
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16
Q

Why did African Americans not benefit from the boom?

A
  • most worked as sharecroppers
    ↳ farming industry was already suffering
  • segregation meant that they had a poorer quality of life
  • the KKK threatened anyone who tried to improve their civil rights & them
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17
Q

How many AA left southern states to go to northern states?

A
  • nearly 2 million
    ↳ out of 12 million
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18
Q

Why did AA leave southern states to go to the north, and what was the problem with this?

A
  • they went for better job opportunities and lifestyle
    ↳ still could only work in the low-paid jobs and they still faced racial tension
19
Q

Why did Native Americans not benefit from the boom?

A
  • their land had been seized by mining companies
  • forced to live in reservations
    ↳ where the soil was so poor it was almost impossible to grow crops
  • they had the lowest life expectancy of all minorities in America
20
Q

Why did immigrants not benefit from the boom?

A
  • they faced a lot of discrimination
    ↳ as they spoke different languages, had different cultures, traditions & religions
  • they were not educated, so they were willing to work in low paid jobs
    ↳ people criticised them of stealing jobs
21
Q

What were the inequalities of wealth during the boom?

A
  • the richest 5% earned 33% of all of the money in America
  • 1927: 15,000 millionaries
    ↳ but 6 million families had an income of less than $1000 a year
22
Q

How did sport change during the 1920s?

A
  • became incredibly popular and wealthy
  • Babe Ruth eared $80,000 a year
    ↳ £7 million today
23
Q

How did the cinema change during the 1920s?

A
  • early 1920s: 30 million tickets sold a week
    ↳ 1920: 100 million tickets sold a week
24
Q

When was the first ‘Talkies’ and what was it called?

A

1927
The Jazz Singer

25
Q

What was the Hays Code and why did it become a law?

A
  • older Americans thought that films were too vulgar
    ↳ Hollywood introduced the Hays Code to stop films from being banned
  • banned nudity, limited a kiss scene to 3 seconds, and made it so that a criminal could not get away with their crime
26
Q

Who were the famous jazz singers of the time?

A
  • Louis Armstrong
  • Duke Ellington
  • Bessie Smith
27
Q

What is jazz and where did it originate?

A
  • known for improvisation, fast tempo
  • originated in Southern states
28
Q

What was jazz a symbol of?

A

African-American culture
↳but was enjoyed by all young people, regardless of their culture

29
Q

What new dances did jazz lead to?

A
  • Charleston
  • The Tango
30
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A
  • the rebirth and recognition of African-American culture through arts, music, dance etc
  • in Harlem, New York
31
Q

What were the roles of women before WWI?

A
  • expected to be modest
    ↳ had to wear unrevealing clothes
  • had to be chaperoned everywhere
  • owned by men
  • no right to vote
  • could only work ‘feminine’ jobs
    ↳ secretary, nursing etc.
32
Q

What was the National American Women Suffrage Association? What did they lead to?

A
  • had fought for the vote for women for decades
    ↳ and because women had contributed to the war effort, it became hard to refuse them
33
Q

When did some women gain the right to vote?

A

1920

34
Q

How did the number of women in jobs change?

A
  • 1929: 10.5 million
    ↳ 25% more than in 1920
35
Q

How did financial freedom affect the status of women?

A
  • they no longer had to rely on men
  • divorce rate doubled
36
Q

How did women begin to act after WW1?

A
  • became flappers
  • dressed in revealing clothes
  • no longer chaperoned everywhere
  • smoke, partied, rode motorcycles
37
Q

What were flappers?

A
  • young, urban, white women of the middle-upper class who shocked society with her ways of rebelling against societal norms?
38
Q

How did some of society react to flappers?

A
  • the older generation were appalled
    ↳ they felt that flappers threatened family life, religion and traditions
    ↳ led to the formation of the ‘Anti-Flirt League’
39
Q

What was the reality in regards to American women?

A
  • for most, life did not change
    ↳ had to juggle motherhood and work to support their families
  • could not afford the leisure activities

-especially rural women and woc

40
Q

What were women’s wages like?

A
  • still earned less than men in the same job
41
Q

What was prohibition?

A
  • 18th Amendment
  • stopped any American from selling, making or transporting any drink that contained more than 0.5% alcohol
42
Q

Why was Prohibition introduced?

A
  • powerful campaign from groups such as the ‘Anti-Saloon League’ and ‘Women’s Christian Temperance Movement’
  • argued that alcohol caused violence, poverty, debt and addiction
43
Q

What was the impact of Prohibition?

A
  • never worked
  • created a larger demand for alcohol, which allowed gangsters to make profit by illegally supplying the alcohol
  • taught people to disrespect and break the law
44
Q

What was a speakeasy?

A
  • an illegal and hidden bar
    ↳ which you needed a password to enter
  • ran by criminals

America: Opportunity and Inequality (15 decks)

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