The Rise of Europe & Renaissance Flashcards
King of the Franks (768-814) and Emperor of the Romans (800-814), united much of Western Europe, promoted education and Christianity, and helped lay the foundation for the Holy Roman Empire.
Charlemagne
Medieval warriors serving a lord, bound by the code of chivalry, often involved in military service, protection, and land management.
knights
Head of the Roman Catholic Church, spiritual leader of Catholics worldwide. The ___ held significant power during the Middle Ages, influencing politics, culture, and religion.
pope
Key figures in medieval and Renaissance economies, responsible for the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture. ___ traded goods across regions, while ___ created crafted products.
merchants, traders, and artisans
Wealthy Italian banking family and political powerbrokers in Florence, major patrons of the arts during the Renaissance, especially known for supporting artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. they were major patrons of the arts.
Lorenzo de’ Medici And Family
Italian Renaissance political philosopher, best known for The Prince, a work on political theory and ruling strategies that emphasized pragmatism over morality.
Niccolo Machiavelli
Renowned Italian sculptor, painter, and architect. Famous for works like the David statue and the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
Michelangelo
Italian scholar and poet, often considered the “father of Humanism.” His works, like The Canzoniere, revived classical ideas
his work helped revive interest in classical texts and set the intellectual tone for the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of individual experience and learning.
Francesco Petrarch
Italian polymath, famous for masterpieces like Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. A pioneer in art, science, anatomy, and engineering.
Leonardo da Vinci
German painter and printmaker known for detailed works in woodcut and engravings, such as Adam and Eve and The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
Albrecht Düre
English lawyer, philosopher, and author of Utopia, a work that critiqued society and explored ideal political and social structures.
Thomas More
French poet and writer, one of the first women to make a living from writing. Known for her feminist works like The Book of the City of Ladies.
Christine de Pizan
As one of the most influential writers in history, Shakespeare’s plays not only defined English literature but also had a profound impact on European theater and storytelling across generations.
William Shakespear
A key figure in the Northern Renaissance, ___ was a pioneering humanist and theologian whose works challenged the Catholic Church and helped set the stage for the Reformation.
Desiderius Erasmus
Flemish painter, a key figure in Northern Renaissance art, known for his highly detailed oil paintings, such as The Arnolfini Portrait.
Jan van Eyck
Flemish painter known for his landscapes and peasant scenes, including works like The Harvesters and The Tower of Babel, which critiqued society and human nature.
Peter Bruegel
unification of much of Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire helped lay the foundations for the Holy Roman Empire, which provided a framework for medieval Europe. His support for education and the spread of Christianity also helped preserve classical knowledge and promote cultural development, setting the stage for the Renaissance.
Charlemange
a large estate that was the center of medieval feudal life. It was typically owned by a lord and included farmland, a village, and the surrounding lands. Serfs or peasants worked the land in exchange for protection and the right to live on it.
Manors
were the economic backbone of feudal society, providing the goods and services needed for survival. They also helped preserve stability and order in Europe during the Middle Ages, a foundation upon which the Renaissance’s urban growth and economic systems later built.
manors
was one of the most influential cities during the Italian Renaissance, serving as a hub for art, culture, and politics. It was home to powerful families like the Medici, who were major patrons of the arts.
florence, italy.
became the cradle of the Renaissance, producing some of the period’s greatest artists (e.g., Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli) and thinkers (e.g., Petrarch, Machiavelli). The city’s wealth, thanks to banking and trade, helped finance art, architecture, and humanist ideas, which shaped European culture and intellectual life.
flornce, italy
in present-day Belgium and parts of France, was a wealthy region in the Northern Renaissance. Its cities, like Bruges and Ghent, were major centers for trade, commerce, and art.
flanders
was crucial in the development of Northern Renaissance art, especially through artists like Jan van Eyck and Albrecht Dürer. The region’s economic prosperity fueled the production of intricate art and the spread of Renaissance ideas throughout northern Europe.
flanders
widely considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, beginning in the 14th century and flourishing in the 15th and 16th centuries. city-states like Florence, Venice, and Rome were centers of trade, culture, and intellectual activity.
Italy as the Birthplace of the Renaissance
position at the crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean allowed it to be a melting pot of classical knowledge, artistic innovation, and humanist philosophy. The Renaissance in ____ sparked a cultural revolution, leading to breakthroughs in art (e.g., fresco painting, perspective), science, literature, and politics that reshaped Europe and influenced the Western world for centuries
Italy as the Birthplace of the Renaissance
