The Reformtion Flashcards
A list of propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517, criticizing the Catholic Church, particularly its sale of indulgences. This act sparked the Protestant Reformation.
95 theses
A 1521 meeting of the Holy Roman Empire where Martin Luther was asked to recant his teachings. Luther refused, leading to his excommunication.
Diet or Worms
A form of government in which religious leaders control political power, and the state’s laws are based on religious principles.
Theocracy
A series of Catholic Church meetings (1545-1563) to address reform and respond to Protestant criticisms. It reaffirmed key Catholic doctrines and rejected Protestant ideas.
Council of Trent
A doctrine, particularly associated with John Calvin, stating that God has already determined who will be saved and who will be damned.
Predestination
A 1534 English law that declared King Henry VIII as the supreme head of the Church of England, separating it from the Catholic Church.
Act of Supremacy
A smaller, often radical, group that has broken away from a larger religious denomination, typically with differing beliefs or practices.
Sect
A foundational work by John Calvin, first published in 1536, outlining Calvinist theology and beliefs, including the ideas of predestination and the sovereignty of God.
Christian Religion
The practice by the Catholic Church of selling pardons for sins, which was heavily criticized by reformers like Martin Luther for being corrupt and exploitative.
Sale of Indulgences
A Protestant doctrine, particularly emphasized by Martin Luther, stating that faith alone is sufficient for salvation, not good works or the purchase of indulgences.
Sola Fide - “Salvation by Faith Alone
Why was the translation of the Bible significant during the Reformation?
Translating the Bible into vernacular languages allowed ordinary people to read and interpret scripture themselves, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church.
A 1524-1525 uprising by German peasants who sought social and economic reforms, often influenced by Reformation ideas. Luther initially supported the peasants but later condemned the revolt when it turned violent.
German Peasant’s Revolt
A liturgical book used in the Church of England, first published in 1549, which outlined prayers, services, and rituals for Anglican worship.
Book of Common Prayer
A series of policies by Queen Elizabeth I aimed at resolving religious conflict in England by establishing a moderate Protestant church, known as the Church of England, while maintaining some traditional Catholic elements.
Elizabethan Settlement
A Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in the 16th century, known for their missionary work, educational efforts, and defense of Catholicism during the Counter-Reformation.
The Jesuits
