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ANTH 1500 > The Rise of Civilization > Flashcards

The Rise of Civilization Flashcards

1
Q

Who: characteristics of a civilization

A

developed by V. Gordon Childe and revised by Charles Redman

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2
Q

What: characteristics of a civilization

A

primary and secondary characteristics

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3
Q

What: primary characteristics of civilization

A
  1. cities
  2. full-time labor
  3. state organization/territorial residence
  4. class stratification with ruling stratum
  5. concentration of surplus
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4
Q

What: secondary characteristics of civilization

A
  1. monumental public works
  2. long distance trade
  3. writing/record keeping
  4. standardized artwork
  5. sciences, mathematics and astronomy
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5
Q

What: fundamental resources of Southern Mesopotamia

A

surplus grain production from highly productive arable agriculture and water transportation of commodities

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6
Q

Where: earliest civilization

A

Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

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7
Q

What: time periods in Mesopotamia

A

Ubaid period, Uruk period and Ur period

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8
Q

When: Ubaid period

A

6,200-4,000 BCE

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9
Q

Why: Ubaid period

A

household the basic unit of social organization, specialized temple architecture emerges

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10
Q

What: Eridu

A

growth of temple power, trade and social complexity

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11
Q

Why: growth of temple power at Eridu

A

long-term growth of Enki temple for 3000+ until 3500 BCE, increasing size and elaboration

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12
Q

Why: Eridu trade

A

emergence of more systematic long-distance exchange, acquired raw-materials not locally available, redistribution part of “patron-client” relationship

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13
Q

Why: Eridu social complexity

A

cylinder seal, tokens, two-tier settlement hierarchy, cyclical emergence and collapse of centers, differentiation in architecture and burials, gradual increase in size

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14
Q

When: Uruk

A

4,100-3,100 BCE

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15
Q

What: Uruk

A

organic growth of site, temples dominated redistribution system, mass mobilization of labor

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16
Q

Why: organic growth at Uruk

A

no town planning seen, 80-100 hectares by 3100 BCE to 450 hectares by 2900 BCE

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17
Q

When: development of writing

A

3400 BCE

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18
Q

Why: development of writing

A

commercial record keeping

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19
Q

Who: Denise Schmandt-Besserat

A

deciphered how the cuneiform writing system developed

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20
Q

Why: temple domination at Uruk

A

standardized bevel-rim bowls, equal rationing

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21
Q

What: Ur

A

early dynastic period, Tomb of Queen Shub-ad in Royal Cemetery

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22
Q

When: Ur

A

2900-2370 BCE

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23
Q

Who: Sir Leonard Woolley

A

discovered Ur

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24
Q

Why: tomb of Queen Shub-ad in royal cemetery

A

human sacrifices and goods/wealth associated with queen indicate social hierarchies and access to resources

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25
Q

Who: discovered Rosetta Stone

A

Napoleon

26
Q

When: Rosetta Stone discovered

A

1799

27
Q

Why: Rosetta Stone discovered

A

military/scientific/commercial campaign to the Middle East

28
Q

What: Rosetta Stone

A

tri-lingual text; Greek, hieroglyphs and demotic-popular Egyptian writing

29
Q

Who: Jean-Francios Champollion

A

first to decipher hieroglyphs and translate the Rosetta Stone

30
Q

When: Rosetta stone first translated

A

1822

31
Q

What: hieroglyphs

A

include a combination of ideogram and phonetic

32
Q

What: ideogram

A

symbols that convey a message or a noun

33
Q

What: phonetic

A

each symbol relates to a sound that is used as letters or syllables to form words

34
Q

When: Dynasty 0

A

3100-2890 BCE

35
Q

What: Dynasty 0

A

protodynastic, unification of Lower and Upper Egypt

36
Q

Who: Narmer

A

united Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom and became king-pharaoh

37
Q

What: Narmer’s palette

A

depicts unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

38
Q

Where: Narmer’s palette

A

within a temple at Hierakonpolis

39
Q

When: Narmer’s palette

A

1898

40
Q

Who: James E. Quibell

A

discovered Narmer’s palette

41
Q

When: Dynasty 1-2

A

3100-2686 BCE

42
Q

What: Dynasty 1-2

A

early dynastic period, kings buried in mastabas

43
Q

What: mastabas

A

rectangular structure with sloping sides and flat roof

44
Q

When: Dynasty 3

A

2686 BCE

45
Q

What: Dynasty 3

A

early dynastic period, first pyramids

46
Q

Who: Djoser

A

built the first pyramid, Saqqarah

47
Q

Who: Imohtep

A

scribe and architect that invented the stepped pyramid to minimize looting

48
Q

When: Dynasty 4

A

2589-2530 BCE

49
Q

What: Dynasty 4

A

old kingdom, pyramids at Giza

50
Q

What: pyramids at Giza

A

greatest angle that can be sustained

51
Q

Who: pyramids at Giza

A

Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure

52
Q

Who: Tutankhamun

A

pharaoh of the new kingdom, unimportant king who reigned for 10 years and died at age 18

53
Q

Why: Tutankhamun

A

tomb was lost, only mostly unlooted tomb of a pharaoh

54
Q

Who: Theodore Davis

A

discovered Tutankhamun’s tomb was missing

55
Q

When: search of Tutankhaum’s tomb begins

A

1917

56
Q

Who: Howard Carter

A

began search for Tutankhaum

57
Q

Who: Lord Carnarvon

A

funded the search for Tutankhaum

58
Q

What: November 4, 1922

A

Carter discovers stairway to tomb in the Valley of the Kings

59
Q

Where: Valley of the Kings

A

Upper Egypt

60
Q

Why: Tutankhamun’s tomb

A

remarkable preservation that provides a wealth of information on the burial of a pharaoh

ANTH 1500 (11 decks)

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