Harappa and Mohenjo-daro

Question 1

where: Mehrgarh

Answer 1

NW South Asia

Question 2

why: Mehragarh

Answer 2

aceramic Neolithic site with important evidence regarding early agriculture

Question 3

when: Mehragarh

Answer 3

7000-5500 BCE

Question 4

what: Mehragarh agriculture

Answer 4

goat pastoralism, cattle predominant animal herded, barley, wheat, chickpea, pea, mustard, sesame

Question 5

where: Indus civilization

Answer 5

spans the Indus Valley in Pakistan

Question 6

when: Indus civilization

Answer 6

2500-1900 BCE

Question 7

who: discovered Harappa

Answer 7

Charles Masson, deserter from the British army

Question 8

when: Harappa discovered

Answer 8

1826

Question 9

when: Harappa excavated

Answer 9

1920

Question 10

who: excavated Harappa

Answer 10

Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni

Question 11

who: directed excavations at Harappa

Answer 11

Sir John Marshall, director general of archaeological survey in India

Question 12

when: Harappa announced as a new civilization

Answer 12

1921

Question 13

who: currently works on Harappa

Answer 13

Richard Meadow from Harvard University

Question 14

why: Harappa

Answer 14

structures made with high temp furnace-baked bricks, town planning with streets, high mound citadel

Question 15

what: important industries in Harappa

Answer 15

ceramic manufacture and bead making

Question 16

what: Mohenjo-daro

Answer 16

Mound of the Dead

Question 17

when: Mohenjo-daro first recorded

Answer 17

1911

Question 18

what: major parts of Mohenjo-daro

Answer 18

granary, public bath, water works

Question 19

what: granary in Mohenjo-daro

Answer 19

no grain preserved, could have served another function, similar granary found in Harappa

Question 20

why: granary in Mohenjo-daro

Answer 20

food stores to maintain the city

Question 21

what: public bath in Mohenjo-daro

Answer 21

large swimming pool with changing rooms and drainage, lined with bitumen

Question 22

why: public bath in Mohenjo-daro

Answer 22

may represent an area for communal/ritual cleaning

Question 23

what: water works in Mohenjo-daro

Answer 23

semi-centralized water supply system and centralized sewage removal system

Question 24

why: water works in Mohenjo-daro

Answer 24

predates western world by over 4000 years

Question 25

what: Priest-King

Answer 25

robed figure carved from soapstone

Question 26

why: Priest-King

Answer 26

source of control and power of such a large urban area unknown, perhaps represents ruler

Question 27

what: Ganweriwala

Answer 27

possible third controlling center

Question 28

why: Ganweriwala

Answer 28

unexcavated, purpose/role unknown

Question 29

what: Indus trade

Answer 29

well integrated long-distance trade networks

Question 30

who: Indus trade

Answer 30

Afghanistan, W. India, NW Iran, Mesopotamia

Question 31

why: Indus trade

Answer 31

weights and measures standardized by cubes of stone, used until 19th century

Question 32

what: Indus writing

Answer 32

numerous seals/intaglio and impressions have been recovered

Question 33

why: Indus writing

Answer 33

many insights into Indus civilization if script is ever deciphered

Question 34

when: collapse of Indus

Answer 34

2000 BCE

Question 35

what: Rig-Veda theory of collapse

Answer 35

suggests that Aryan tribes invaded the area

little/no evidence for destruction or sacking of cities

Question 36

what: flood theory of collapse

Answer 36

flood from the Indus River

little supporting evidence

Question 37

what: climate change theory of collapse

Answer 37

asserted for the overall collapse seen as far west as the Mediterranean
evidence of climate change around 2200 BCE
linking to collapse has caused much debate

Question 38

why: Indus collapse

Answer 38

similar collapses occurred throughout the eastern Mediterranean, Egypt and Mesopotamia
cultural continuity brings notion of collapse into question