The Revolution in Politics Flashcards
0
Q
Girondists
A
- were named after a department in southwestern France
- were one of the two primary groups in the National Convention
- feuded constantly with the Mountain
- determined to continue the “war against tyranny”
- were destroyed when the Mountain teamed up with the sans-culottes and had all thirty-one Girondist deputies arrested
1
Q
bourgeosie
A
- were well-educated, prosperous, upper-middle class groups
- generally favored representitive government
- made up almost the entirety of the third estate in France
- divided amongst themselves quite often
2
Q
Jacobins
A
- were named after their political club
- were prosperous, well-educated men who ruled through the new Legislative Assembly after the disbanding of the National Assembly
- were younger and less cautious than their predecessors
- passionately committed themselves to liberal revoluton
- declared war on Francis II, the Habsburg monarch
- split into two groups, the Girondists and the Mountain
- executed Louis XVI
3
Q
Louis XVI
A
- ruled France
- was not very adept at ruling
- married Marie Antoinette at age 15
- after failed economic reforms, called for a spring session of the Estates General
- sent troops to Paris to quell uprisings over food shortages, which caused the French people to storm the Bastille and parade the governor’s head around on a spike
- was forced to move to Paris after angry peasant women stormed Versailles
- tried to flee Paris, only to be caught and imprisoned
- was executed by guillotine, beginning the Reign of Terror by Robespierre
4
Q
Marie Antoinette
A
- was originally an Austrian princess
- married King Louis XVI
- was well known for how out of touch she was with her people
- loved fashion, and spent a lot of time and money on her appearance
- was hated by almost all of her subjects
- loved her three children very much
- did not actually say “let them eat cake”
5
Q
Klemens von Metternich
A
- was Austrian
- was referred to as the “coachman of Europe” for his excellent diplomatic skills
- determined the future of Europe more than any single ruler
- married Napoleon to Marie-Louise
- congress of vienna
6
Q
sans-culottes
A
- translates to “without breeches,” as the sans-culottes did not wear the typical knee breeches of the aristocracy and solid middle class
- took power as the Jacobins remained fiercely divided
- were made up of the laboring poor and petty traders
- placed the most immediate emphasis on economic improvement
- joined with the Mountain to arrest the Girondists
7
Q
Abbe Sieyes
A
• wrote the famoua pamphlet /What is the Third Estate?/
• stated that the nobility was a tiny, overprivileged majority
• held that the third estate consisted of the true strength of France
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8
Q
Elba
A
- is located in the Mediterrainian
* is where Napoleon was exiled (and quickly broken out)
9
Q
Grand Empire
A
- was the French Empire created by Napoleon
- encompassed all of Western Europe and parts of Eastern Europe
- allied itself with the rest of Eastern Europe
- found its only adversary in Great Britain
10
Q
St. Helena
A
• was the location of Napoleon’s second exile after the Hundred Days, where he wrote scornful memoirs portraying himself as the savior of Europe
11
Q
Battle of Trafalgar
A
- was between the French/Spanish and Great Britain
- saw Napoleon’s navy virtually annihilated at the hand of Lord Nelson and eliminated any future chance of invading England
12
Q
Battle of Waterloo
A
- was the site of Napoleon’s final defeat and the conclusion to the Hundred Days
- was fought between the English and the French
- ended with Napoleon banished to St. Helena
- would have been a victory for the French had it not rained
13
Q
Civil Code of 1804
A
- codified Napoleon’s bargain with the solid middle class, which was essentially the use of his great and highly personal power to give favors in return for loyal service
- reasserted the two fundamental principles of the liberal and essentially moderate revolution of 1789: equality of all male citizens before the law and absolute security of wealth and private property
14
Q
Concordat of 1801
A
- negotiated between
* guaranteed French Catholics the right to practice their religion freely, but gave Napoleon political power
