Cold War & Modern Europe

Question 0

glastnost

Answer 0

• Gorbachev’s policy of openess or “telling it like it is”

Question 1

perestroika

Answer 1

• Goebachev’s economic program to transform and restructure the economy through the easing of price controls, more independence for state enterprises, and setting up of small private cooperatives

Question 2

Boris Yeltsin

Answer 2

• great rival of Gorbachev
• thrived on Gorbachev’s unwillingness to support universal suffrage
• embraced the democratic movement
• declared Russia’s independence from the Soviet Union
• outlawed the Communist Party

Question 3

Solidarity

Answer 3

• movement for free and democratic trade union
• first began in Poland under Lech Walesa
• joined by intellectuals and supported by the Catholic church
• backed down and agreed to Polish government’s minor concessions
• outlawed under Wojciech Jaruzelski
• re-established in 1989 and won majority of Polish votes

Question 4

Mikhail Gorbechav

Answer 4

• was the last leader of the Soviet Union
• was trained as a lawyer
• was described as smart, charming, and tough
• believed in communism, but saw that it was not keeping up with western capitalism and technology
• criticized corruption and alcoholism in the Communist Party
• brought political and cultural liberalization to the Soviet Union
• permitted democracy and self-determination
• sought to improve situation for ordinary citizens
• created perestroika
• created glasnost

Question 5

shock therapy

Answer 5

• radical Solidarity idea that planned to make a clean break with state planninh and move quickly to market mechanisms and private property
• applied on 1 January 1999 in Poland

Question 5

Velvet Revolution

Answer 5

• death of communism in Czechoslovakia
• took place December 1989
• ousting of communist party bosses in just ten days
• grew out of demonstrations of students and intellectuald
• led by a dissident playwright turned moral revolutionary named Václav Havel, who was then elected president

Question 5

Helmut Kohl

Answer 5

• chancellor of West Germany
• Christian Democrat
• presented ten-point plan for step-by-step reunification with both East Germany and the rest of the world
• promised East Germans money exchange
•

Question 6

European Union

Answer 6

• helped avoid resurgence of discrimination and outbreak of war in Europe by creating a sense of nationalism for Europe as a whole
• created in 1993
• isolated states that embraced national hatred and ethnic warfare
• common currency in 1999