the rest

Question 1

soil fertility impacts of nitrogen

Answer 1

key component of SOM
key ingredient in proteins, DNA, enzymes, and chlorophyll
most common nutrient limitation for plant proudctivity

Question 2

environmental impacts of nitrogen

Answer 2

key pollutant in water
key greenhouse gases
key component of acid rain

Question 3

mineralization

Answer 3

decomposition of the chemical compounds in organic matter, so nitrogen is released in soluble inorganic forms that may be available to plants.

Question 4

decomposition promoted by

Answer 4

good aeration
warm temperature
easy to digest carbon

Question 5

nitrification

Answer 5

biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via the intermediary nitrite

Question 6

nitrification needs

Answer 6

oxygen
warm temperature
presence of nitrites

Question 7

immobilization

Answer 7

nitrate and ammonium are taken up by soil organisms and therefore become unavailable to crops

Question 8

denitrification

Answer 8

Conversion of nitrogen from soluble forms to gaseous forms

Question 9

ammonia volitilization

Answer 9

converts to NH3 gas
high pH
drying soil
dandy soil
hot temperature

Question 10

what conditions are required for denitrification

Answer 10

wet soils
anaerobic conditions
microbial food
nitrate present
faster with warm temp
wetlands
bioreactors for removal of nitrate from agricultural runoff

Question 11

nitrogen fixation

Answer 11

process of nitrogen gas from the atmosphere being fixed and becoming part of a plant

Question 12

plants take up nitrogen as

Answer 12

soluble anions
soluble cations
soluble organic compounds

Question 13

sulfur deficiencies

Answer 13

enforcement of clean air standards
lower concentrations of S in fertilizers
harvesting the majority of the plants removes S from soil system

Question 14

control of P

Answer 14

reduced runoff and erosion

Question 15

control of N

Answer 15

reduced leaching

Question 16

nutrient

Answer 16

an element that has a direct effect on growth or metabolism

Question 17

non mineral nutrients

Answer 17

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen

Question 18

macronutrients

Answer 18

nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
calcium
magnesium
sulfur

Question 19

micronutrients

Answer 19

iron
nickel
zinc
chlorine
manganese
boron
copper
cobalt
molybdenum

Question 20

nitrogen in cells

Answer 20

amino acids
proteins
nucleic acids
chlorophyll

Question 21

nitrogen deficiency in plants

Answer 21

leaves turn yellow and droop

Question 22

phosphorus in cells

Answer 22

nucleic acids, ADP, ATP

Question 23

phosphorus deficiency in plants

Answer 23

plants are small, producing little or no flowers
bright green or purplish cast

Question 24

Potassium deficiency in plants

Answer 24

older leaves have brown spots, yellow edges, yellow veins, or brown veins

Question 25

sulfur deficiency in plants

Answer 25

yellow edges on young leaves

Question 26

nutrient management goals

Answer 26

-produce high-quality plants in cost effective way -efficiently use and conserve nutrient resources -maintain or enhance soil quality -protect the environment beyond the soil

Question 27

best management practices

Answer 27

buffer strips cover crops conservation tillage forest stand management

Question 28

diagnostic tools and methods for nutrient deficiency

Answer 28

field observation plant tissue analysis soil analysis

Question 29

nutrient management considerations

Answer 29

nutrient cycling nutrient balance how much fertilizer is necessary 4R: Right fertilizer, right rate, right time, right place

Question 30

three step erosion process

Answer 30

detachement transport sedimentation

Question 31

conducive to wind erosion

Answer 31

dry soil disturbed bio crust loose, pulverized soil open, treeless land smooth soil surface bare soil surface fine sand and silt textures

Question 32

inhibits wind erosion

Answer 32

moist soil unplowed soil biological crust trees and windbreaks rough, cloddy soil surface mulched or vegetated soil clay or coarse sand

Question 33

environmental damages by sediment

Answer 33

water turbidity covers gravel fish spawning grounds fills reservoirs and channels carriers nutrients and chemicals difficult to filter for drinking

Question 34

sheet erosion

Answer 34

unfirom movemnets of soil as its picked up by water

Question 35

rill erosion

Answer 35

channels form where soil is eroded water goes in path of least resistance

Question 36

gully erosion

Answer 36

deeper channels from water

Question 37

A = R*K*L*S*C*P

Answer 37

A = amount of soil moved R = rainfall erosivity K = soil erodibility L = slope length S = steepness of slope C = cover management P = physical erosion control practices

Question 38

3 basic principles of erosion control

Answer 38

keep soil covered control flow of water filter out or trap the sediment

Question 39

controls for flow of runoff

Answer 39

terraces check dams diversions waterways

Question 40

trapping the sediment

Answer 40

-silt fencing to trap sediment -hay bales -grass contour hedges slow runoff, trap sediment and create terraces -sedimentation ponds trap eroded sediment from construction sites