The Respiratory System Flashcards
List some of the main functions of the respiratory system
Maintain Cardiovascular sytem
Maintain Neurological system
Maintain GI system
Help metabolis
Maintain blood pH blood level – The respiratory system helps to eliminate CO2 from the blood.
Homeostatic system
regulate acid - base in the blood
deliver oxygen to the cells
What is another word for the conducting zone?
anatomical deadspace
What is the conducting zone?
Portion of the airway not involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2
What is the respiratory zone
The portion of lung tissue involved in gas exchange
What is the name for the potion of lung tissue involved in gas exchange?
The respiratory zone
What is the name for the potion of airway which is not involved in gas exchange?
the conducting zone
How does noradrenaline affect smooth muscle?
It causes smooth muscle to relax
How does acetylcholine affect smooth muscle?
it causes smooth muscle to contract
What is the definition of exhalation (at rest)?
Passive process due to increase pressure within the lungs
Which zone does alveoli belong?
respiratory zone
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
What organ does the phrenic nerve affect?
the diaphram
Which organs and tissues are actively involved in increasing the volume of the thorax?
the phrenic nerve
diaphragm
intercostal muscles
Where are the pleural membranes located?
Between the outside surface of the lungs and the inside the surface of the thorax
What lies between the outside surface of the lungs and the inside the surface f the thorax?
Pleural membranes
What does carbonic acid formation promotes the release of?
oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin
What causes oxygen to be released from oxyhaemoglobin?
carbonic acid formation
What is the rimary site of gas exchange?
The alveoli
Where is oxyhaemoglobin found?
oxygenated blood
Which enzyme converts bicarbnate into carbon dioxide?
carbonic anyhydrase
Which layer contains cilia and mucous producing goblet cells?
Epithilial lining
What type of cells does the epthelial lining contain?
goblet cells
List some functions of the upper airways
Filter bacteria
warm/ humidify
speech
What is Hypercapnia?
High levels of carbon dioxide in the body
What i used to decribe high levels of carbon dioxide in the body?
Hypercapnia
What is the function of the uvula?
prevents food from being expelled through the nose
What structure prevents food from being expelled through the nose?
Uvula
What is the function of the epiglottis?
The soft Tissue (flap) which covers the trachea. This stops food from entering the trachea.
What structure stops food from entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
How many lobes are their on the right lung?
3
How many lobes doe the left lung have?
2
Which lung has 2 lobes?
left
Which lobe has 3 lobes?
right
List structure that provide protection to the respiratory system
Epiglottis
Uvula
Cilia
What are surfactants?
A detergent - like substance manufactured by cells of the alveoli, which reduces surface tension and increases lung compliance
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air that passes in and out of the lungs during one breath.
What is functional residual capacity?
volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration
What is inspiratory capacity?
The volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration - the sum of the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume.
What is vital capacity?
The maximum potential for inspiration and expiration, measured in litres.
What is residual rvolume?
A small amount of air that permanently remains in the lungs
What is total lung capacity?
The maximum of air that passes in and out of the lungs during one breath
