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Year 1: Human Biology Term 1 > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

List some of the main functions of the respiratory system

A

Maintain Cardiovascular sytem

Maintain Neurological system

Maintain GI system

Help metabolis

Maintain blood pH blood level – The respiratory system helps to eliminate CO2 from the blood.

Homeostatic system

regulate acid - base in the blood

deliver oxygen to the cells

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2
Q

What is another word for the conducting zone?

A

anatomical deadspace

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3
Q

What is the conducting zone?

A

Portion of the airway not involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2

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4
Q

What is the respiratory zone

A

The portion of lung tissue involved in gas exchange

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5
Q

What is the name for the potion of lung tissue involved in gas exchange?

A

The respiratory zone

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6
Q

What is the name for the potion of airway which is not involved in gas exchange?

A

the conducting zone

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7
Q

How does noradrenaline affect smooth muscle?

A

It causes smooth muscle to relax

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8
Q

How does acetylcholine affect smooth muscle?

A

it causes smooth muscle to contract

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9
Q

What is the definition of exhalation (at rest)?

A

Passive process due to increase pressure within the lungs

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10
Q

Which zone does alveoli belong?

A

respiratory zone

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11
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

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12
Q

What organ does the phrenic nerve affect?

A

the diaphram

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13
Q

Which organs and tissues are actively involved in increasing the volume of the thorax?

A

the phrenic nerve

diaphragm

intercostal muscles

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14
Q

Where are the pleural membranes located?

A

Between the outside surface of the lungs and the inside the surface of the thorax

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15
Q

What lies between the outside surface of the lungs and the inside the surface f the thorax?

A

Pleural membranes

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16
Q

What does carbonic acid formation promotes the release of?

A

oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin

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17
Q

What causes oxygen to be released from oxyhaemoglobin?

A

carbonic acid formation

18
Q

What is the rimary site of gas exchange?

A

The alveoli

19
Q

Where is oxyhaemoglobin found?

A

oxygenated blood

20
Q

Which enzyme converts bicarbnate into carbon dioxide?

A

carbonic anyhydrase

21
Q

Which layer contains cilia and mucous producing goblet cells?

A

Epithilial lining

22
Q

What type of cells does the epthelial lining contain?

A

goblet cells

23
Q

List some functions of the upper airways

A

Filter bacteria

warm/ humidify

speech

24
Q

What is Hypercapnia?

A

High levels of carbon dioxide in the body

25
Q

What i used to decribe high levels of carbon dioxide in the body?

A

Hypercapnia

26
Q

What is the function of the uvula?

A

prevents food from being expelled through the nose

27
Q

What structure prevents food from being expelled through the nose?

A

Uvula

28
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

The soft Tissue (flap) which covers the trachea. This stops food from entering the trachea.

29
Q

What structure stops food from entering the trachea?

A

Epiglottis

30
Q

How many lobes are their on the right lung?

A

3

31
Q

How many lobes doe the left lung have?

A

2

32
Q

Which lung has 2 lobes?

A

left

33
Q

Which lobe has 3 lobes?

A

right

34
Q

List structure that provide protection to the respiratory system

A

Epiglottis

Uvula

Cilia

35
Q

What are surfactants?

A

A detergent - like substance manufactured by cells of the alveoli, which reduces surface tension and increases lung compliance

36
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air that passes in and out of the lungs during one breath.

37
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration

38
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

The volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration - the sum of the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume.

39
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The maximum potential for inspiration and expiration, measured in litres.

40
Q

What is residual rvolume?

A

A small amount of air that permanently remains in the lungs

41
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

The maximum of air that passes in and out of the lungs during one breath

Year 1: Human Biology Term 1 (8 decks)

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