Introduction to Human Biology Flashcards
Define the term ‘anatomy’
The science related to the study of the structure of biological organisms
Define the term ‘physiology’
The science related to the study of the functions of cells, tissue organs and organisms
Define the term ‘pathology’
The science of the causes and effects of a disease
Define the term ‘pathophysiology’
The science of how a disease effects the functions of cells, tissue organs in an organism
List the 10 life processes in the human body
- Movement
- Responsiveness
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Respiration
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Circulation
- Assimilation
- Excretion
Define ‘Metabolism’
A set of chemical reactios in the body required to maintain life
Define ‘Hyperplasia’
Enlargement of organ or tissue due to increase in cell reproduction rate
Define ‘Hypertrophy’
Enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.
Define ‘accretion’
The growing together or adherence of parts that are normally separate
Substances deposited outside cells
Define ‘atrophy’
The wasting away of organs or tissue as a result of the degeneration of cells
Define ‘necrosis’
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of blood supply
Define ‘apoptosis’
The death of cell as normal development (controlled suicide)
What are the levels of organisation in the human body?
- Chemical level
- Cellular Levels
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- System level
- Organismal level
List the major body cavities
- Cranial
- Vertebral Canal
- Thoracic Cavity
- Abdominal Cavity
- Pelvic Cavity
What are the essential functions of body cavities?
- To cushion internal organs and protect them from trauma
- To add flexibility for organ movement
