Introduction to Human Biology Flashcards
Define the term ‘anatomy’
The science related to the study of the structure of biological organisms
Define the term ‘physiology’
The science related to the study of the functions of cells, tissue organs and organisms
Define the term ‘pathology’
The science of the causes and effects of a disease
Define the term ‘pathophysiology’
The science of how a disease effects the functions of cells, tissue organs in an organism
List the 10 life processes in the human body
- Movement
- Responsiveness
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Respiration
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Circulation
- Assimilation
- Excretion
Define ‘Metabolism’
A set of chemical reactios in the body required to maintain life
Define ‘Hyperplasia’
Enlargement of organ or tissue due to increase in cell reproduction rate
Define ‘Hypertrophy’
Enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.
Define ‘accretion’
The growing together or adherence of parts that are normally separate
Substances deposited outside cells
Define ‘atrophy’
The wasting away of organs or tissue as a result of the degeneration of cells
Define ‘necrosis’
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of blood supply
Define ‘apoptosis’
The death of cell as normal development (controlled suicide)
What are the levels of organisation in the human body?
- Chemical level
- Cellular Levels
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- System level
- Organismal level
List the major body cavities
- Cranial
- Vertebral Canal
- Thoracic Cavity
- Abdominal Cavity
- Pelvic Cavity
What are the essential functions of body cavities?
- To cushion internal organs and protect them from trauma
- To add flexibility for organ movement
What is Homeostasis?
The process of which the body maintains a stable internal environment
What is a collection of similar cells and their component parts that performs specialized functions?
Tissue
What happens when bodily function is able to ensure the homeostatic environment?
Health Occurs
How does illness occur?
When effectors fail to respond to directions from the control centre Correct
Which part of the brain is the body’s thermoregulatory centre?
Hypothalamus
What happens when there is decrease in the body’s temperature set point?
- Skin blood vessels constrict
- Hairs become raised
Controlled cell suicide is known as
Apoptosis
Which organ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
The diaphram
Which membrane lines the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs?
Pleura
