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Year 1: Human Biology Term 1 > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Which 2 systems maintain homeostasis?

A

Autonomic nervous system

Endocrine system

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2
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system maintain?

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

Which system is mainly involved in rapid changes?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

Which system is mainly involved in slower and more precise adjustments?

A

Endocrine system

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5
Q

State the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands

A

Endo - secretes hormones into the bloodstream

Exo - secretes substances into cavities via ducts

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6
Q

Which gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream?

A

Endocrine glands

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7
Q

Which gland secretes substances into cavities via ducts?

A

Exocrine Glands

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8
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers that are diffused from secretory cells directly into the bloodstream to the target tissue/ organs where it bind to specific receptors.

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9
Q

What causes illness to occur?

A

Disruption to homeostasis

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10
Q

Which gland is known as the ‘master gland’?

A

The pituitary gland

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11
Q

Why is the pituitary gland known as the ‘master gland’?

A

Because it is solely part of the endocrine system

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12
Q

Which hormone helps to regulate metabolism?

A

Thyroxine

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13
Q

What is thyroxine?

A

A hormone which helps regulate metabolism

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14
Q

Which hormone helps to regulate calcium levels in the body?

A

Calcitonin

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15
Q

What is calcitonin?

A

A hormone which regulates the calcium levels in the body

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16
Q

Where is calcitonin released from?

A

The thyroid

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17
Q

Which hormone helps to produce red blood cell?

A

Erythropoietin

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18
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

A hormone which helps produce red blood cell

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19
Q

What is meant by ‘synergistic effect?

A

When hormomes compliment eachother

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20
Q

Which organ controls the release of hormones by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus

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21
Q

What is the function and target organ of growth hormone (GH)?

A

Promotes growth in Muscles and bone

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22
Q

What is the function and target organ of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

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23
Q

What is the function and target organ of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Regulate levels of the steroid hormone cortisol, which released from the adrenal gland

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24
Q

What is the function and target organ of Follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Thickens uterus lining

25
Q

What is the function and target organ of prolactin?

A

Targets breasts Stimulates milk production

26
Q

What is the function and target organ of leutinising hormone?

A

stimulats secretion of oestrogen

27
Q

Which hormone promotes growth in muscles and bones?

A

Growth hormone

28
Q

Which hormone stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

29
Q

which hormone regulates levels of the steroid hormone cortisol?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

30
Q

Which hormone thickens the uterus lining?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

31
Q

Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts?

A

prolactin

32
Q

Which hormone stimulates the production of Oestrogen?

A

Luteinising hormone (LH)

33
Q

Which gland releases Thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

34
Q

Which gland releases Adrenocoticotropic hormone?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

35
Q

Which gland releases prolactin?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

36
Q

Which gland releases Follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

37
Q

Which gland releases Luteinising hormone?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

38
Q

Which gland releases Growth hormone?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

39
Q

What is the function of anti - diuretic hormone?

A

Increase water retention of the kidneys

40
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Promotes uterus contraction in women

41
Q

Which hormone increases water retntion of the kidneys?

A

Anti- diuretic hormone (ADH)

42
Q

Which hormone promotes uterus contraction in women?

A

Oxytocin

43
Q

Which gland releases Anti-diuretic hormone?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

44
Q

Which gland produces oxytocin?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

45
Q

List some differences between the anterior and posterior pituitary gland?

A

Anterior is much larger than posterior

Posterior stores hormone made by the hypothalamus

46
Q

What is the T4 thyroid hormone?

A

Thyroxine

47
Q

What is the T3 thyroid hormone?

A

Triiodothrynonine

48
Q

Which thyroid hormone is more active?

A

T3

49
Q

What is the difference between T4 and T3?

A

It is linked more strongly to carrier proteins in blood

T3 is more active and is mainly what increases metabolism

T4 is converted to T3

50
Q

Where is T4 converted into T3?

A

Target cells

51
Q

What results from a calorigenic effect?

A

increased basal metabolic rate

increased oxygen consumption

increased production of body heat

52
Q

What hormone does the parathyroid glands release?

A

parathormone

53
Q

What gland produces parathormone?

A

Parathyroid glands

54
Q

What does Parthormone do?

A

regulates calcium levels in the body

55
Q

What are glucocorticoids?

A

A group of hormones that exert their major effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates.

56
Q

What are mineraocorticoids?

A

A group of hormones released by the adrenal glands that exert their effect on the electrolytes and water balance in the body.

57
Q

What is the name for a group of hormones released by the adrenal glands that exert their effect on the electrolytes and water balance in the body?

A

mineralocorticoids

58
Q

What is the name for a group of hormones that exert their major effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates?

A

Glucocorticoids

59
Q

What is the difference between adrenaline and noradrenaline?

A

Adrenaline causes widespread vasoconstriction

Adrenaline causes vasocnstriction in the skin and viscera but vasodilation in skeletal muscles.

Year 1: Human Biology Term 1 (8 decks)

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