The respiratory system Flashcards
What are the sizes of airflows
Bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli
What is the boundary between upper and lower respiratory tract?
The vocal cords
What kinds of cartilage is the septal cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the common name for the anterior (exterior) naris?
The Nostril
What are the three jobs of the upper respiratory tract?
Warm, Humidify and filter the air
What is the purpose of Nasal Conchae (nasal terminate bones)
To create turbulance to warm filter and humidify the air
What type of cartilage is the epiglotis? How does it actually close off the airway?
elastic. The trachea rises to it
Regions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx, orophaynx
What is the largest of the cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
What is the limiting cartilage of what can find down the windpipe?
the Cricoid cartilage which is the only piece of cartilage that is a complete circle
Bottom of the trachea before it starts to branch is called
carina. It contains mecano-receptors that cause coughing
which primary bronchi is larger and more likely to get stuff large?
the right side because it is larger and mor vertical
secondary bronchi
One for each lobe of the lung. Two on the left three on the right
What kind of epithelium do the respiratory bronchioles have?
.simple squamous epithelium
What is the shape of the primary bronchials?
C shaped - like trachia
What is the shape of the secondary bronchials?
.
pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
.
What is the purpose of the surfactant in your lungs and where is it produced?
It decrease the surface tension for the alveolai. Produce by the septal cells
What are the steps of inhilation?
Ventalation, inspiration, resistance to airflow, ff, fff,
How does air move into the lungs?
The a pressure
760 Torr (mL of mercury) = 1 atm
Atmospheric pressure is
What is filling the the pleural cavity and what are its two main function?
It is filled Serous Fluid. It is for lubrication and to create adhesion to the thoracic muscles.
What is Boyle’s Law?
P1V1 = P2V2
What are the medicines given for asthma and why?
sympathetic mimics?
Beathing patterns
..
What is Eupnea?
Normal or quiet breathing
What is Tachypnea?
Rapid breathing
What isDyspnea?
difficult or labored breathing
What are secondary effects of COPD
high blood pressure, heart disease
How does smoking impact respiratory effiency?
-nicotine vaos-constricts, carbon monoixde binds hemoglon, ………
What is the effect of nicotine on the airway?
It is a vasoconstrictor
Lung cancer ( by smoaking
bronchial epithelium into stratified squamous
Describes the origin and pathology of small cell (oat cell carcinoma
The originate in the primary bronchi
What are secondary effects of COPD
high blood pressure, heart disease
How does smoking impact respiratory effiency?
-nicotine vaos-constricts, carbon monoixde binds hemoglon, ………
What is the effect of nicotine on the airway?
It is a vasoconstrictor
Lung cancer ( by smoaking
bronchial epithelium into stratified squamous
Describes the origin and pathology of small cell (oat cell carcinoma
The originate in the primary bronchi
What is the conducting division respiratory system?
The “pipes” nostrils, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, including terminal bronchioles
What are two cartilage areas of the nose?
The septal cartilage and the alar cartilage
What are the macrophages of the lungs called?
Alveloar dust cells
What is Dalton’s law?
Partial prssures….
People (probably all land animals) are _____ pressure breathers. This means that we ____ the volume of our lungs in order to ____ the pressure to draw air in.
Negative pressure breathers. Increase the volume, to lower the pressure .
What is Charle’s law? How does it relate to breathing?
if you heat a gas under constant pressure the volume will expand. Warm the air in the body help the volume expand more
Dalton’s Law
The partial pressure of each gas equals to total pressures or 1 atm
Henri’s law
The amount of a gas going into the blood depends on its soluabillity
What part of respiration typically does muscular work?
Inhalation
What cause exhalation to occur without muscular work
Surface tension of water colapsing alveoli and pulling thoracic cavity in with the lungs
What is a pneumothorax? What is the effect on respiration and by what mechanism?
A pneumothorax is additional air in the pleural cavity, often a wound, but they can be spontaneous. The cause lung to collapse because the intrapleural pressure is now equal to or greater than the pressure in the lungs.
What is compliance of the lung?
The elasticity of the lung
What is the valsalva maneuver?
Holding air in you lungs to add pressure to help with abdominal work
What is the Dorsal respiratory group?
Part of the medulla that control baseline respiration. As called the inspiratory area
What does the ventral respiratory do?
Controls the muscles for forced exhalation. The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles
What do the Pneumotaxic and apneustic areas do?
Pneumatic increases respiration. Apneustic is decreased breathing during deep sleep. They are also called the pontine respiratory group
Where is pH monitored in the body ? Are the differences at the different locations?
In the medulla, caratoid sinuses, and the aortic arch. The medulla measure CSF and primarily measures protons and secondarily CO2. The arteries measure blood, the measure C02 primarily and protons secondarily.
What is hypercapnea?
too high partial pressure of CO2.
