Male reproductive system Flashcards
What determines a male?
presence of a y chromosome
By what manner can females help determine the sex of the offspring?
The uterine environment effects which sperm gets through.
What are the males ducts (Wolfing) called
mesonephric
What are the female ducts called (Malarian)
paramesonephric
What are undescended testicles called? What is the risk with leaving them in place.
Chryporchidism. Sterility and Testicular cancer.
What is synapsis?
The formation of the tetrads
When does genetic recombination occur?
Anaphase 1
Describe Dartos muscle and when it contracts
Thin muscle. Scrotum wrinkles up a little cold and contracts during sexual arrousal
Describe the Cremaster muscle and when it contracts
Thicker muscle up to obliges. Contracts Just prior to ejaculation ad if you are really cold.
What are the veins ascending the spermatic cord called? What is its function.
Pampinform plexus. It is form countercurrent exchange to cool the material blood.
Why are the testicular ateliers small?
It leads to a hypoxic environment, leads to large mitochondria, that assists serval in the uterus.
What are the invaginations in the tunica albiguinia? What is their function?
They provides structural support for the seminerferous tubes, for the lobules.
Which Hormone targets the interstitial cells of Leydig? Where is that hormone produce?
Luetenizing hormone Anterior pituitary
What hormone is release by the interstitial cell os Leydig?
Testosterone
What homorme targets the sustanicular/ Sertoili cells? Where is that hormone produced?
Follicle stimulating hormone. Anterior pituitary
What hormones are produced by the Sertoli/ sustanicular cells?
Androgen binding protein and Inhibin
When is inhibit produced? What hormones does it target? Why does it target them that way?
It targets gonadotropin relaxing hormones, and preferentially FSH. To maintain secondary sex charecgtertics, tester one should still be produced so it doesn’t target LH.
What are the function of the Sertoli Cells?
Support/ Nurse developing sperm. Secrete Inhibin, form blood testes barrier, produce fluid, control the release of sprem into the lumen
What do Sertoli cells form to create the blood testes barrier? What is its function?
Tight junctions. The function is to isolate gametes, which are not self cells.
Where is gonadotropin releasing hormone produced?
The hypothalamus
What takes place between primary spermocytes and secondary spermocytes?
Meiosis 1
What take place between secondary spermocytes and spermatids?
Meiosis II
What is spermatogenesis?
The process of the spermatid developing into the spermatozoa with its acrosome, flagella, and mitochondrial motor.
What is the acrosome (head of sperm) made from? What is its purpose?
Giant storage vesicle made from the golgi containing enzymes to assist in fertilization.
What is the flagella made out of? Where do them come from?
Microtubules from the centrioles
What is the function of Prostiglandins?
To induce reverse peristolisis
What is “washed away” on sperm during capcitation? What is the purpose
cholesterol and inhibitory factors. To make the membrane permeable to calcium
What aids in capacitation fo sperm?
Female fluids, secretory cells, which feed the sperm and change their membranes
What accounts for the 60/40 split to the correct fallopian tube with an egg?
Weak chemotiaxis toward estrogen in fallopian tube
What is males signals puberty:
first ejaculation of viable sperm. Production of DHT in prostate gland
What hormones lowers FSH and LH?
Inhibine mostly lowers FSH. High testosterone levels inhibit itsteld in a negative feedback look but inhibiting Godatropin releasing hormone, and therefore FSH and LH
Which will make you sterile lack of FSH of lack of LH?
FSH
Which will effect secondary sex characteristics? Lack of FSH of lack of LH?
LH
what is the purpose of the sterocillia in the epididymis?
to increase surface area for absorption. The absorbtion in the epididymis and the secretion in the seniferous tubule allows creates a hydrostatic gradient that pushes the sperm along
Where do sperm learn to swim?
the epididymis
What is the reasons for the large muscle layer in the vas deferens?
The is not much musculature un the urethra.
What percent of vasectomies are reversible? When is most revisable?
40-60% 2-6 year most reversable.
What fluids are produced in the seminal vesicles? and whare their function?
Fructose - to feed the sperm to keep them going. Alkaline substances to neutralize vaginal acidity. Prostaglandins to indue verse peristalsis in the uterus and fallopian tubes. Clotting factors such as fibrinogen.
What build are produced in the prostate gland?
Citric acid for energy for the sperm, and a lot of calcium, “enzymes for seminal liquefaction, including fibrinolysin
How do the seminal fluids and prostatic fluids coming
There are many many chemical reactions that occur when the build come together. Including signaling sperm to swim. Calcium from prostate and fribrinogen seminal vesicles mix to form clots. fibinolysin break down clots
What is the purpose of the bulbo-urethral gland?
To produce alkaline pre-ejaculate to neutralize acidic left over urine
How often do men die from prostate cancer? What can cause it? What can influence prostate health?
1 in 6 men. Calcium concretions build up from not ejaculating with age. they cause inflammation that can lead to cancer. Ejaculate more for prostatic health.
What is the function of abnormal sperm?
To disolve sperm ahead of them
What are two ways that the last males sperm in is at an advantage?
The pH of the vagina has already been neutralize. The abnormals sperm dissolve the ones ahead of them
What is the function of spermine?
To stabilize seman pH
What are names of the arteries that feed the corpus cavernosum?
The septal arteries
What are differences in the corpus cavernous and corpus spongiosum?
The caversum is entirely surround by dense irregular connective tissue that don’t stretch much. The spongiosum streets that allow the urethra to stretch as well.
