Female reproductive system Flashcards
What are the types of hysterectomy?
removes cervix
Radical Hysterectomy
Pull everything…. ovaries fallopian tube, parts of the vagina
What kind of metabolism does the vain use. For what purpose?
Anerobic metabolism. To create lactic ad to keep the pH around 4.5 to inhibit microbial growth
Describe the parts of the vulva
Mons Pubis, Labia majora and minora, clitoria, Buld of vestible
What as the builb of vestibule
erectile tissue that is just deep to the labia that help open the physiologic valve to accommodate a penis
What is somatomammortropon?
A placenta hormome that helps promote mammary gland growth gland growth
Fibrocystic disease of the breast
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Ovarian Cycle
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Uterine Cycle
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What are the stages of puberty
Pubarch —> Thelarche —> Menarchy –> Adolescent –>
What is Pubarche?
Development of axillary and pubic hair
What is Thelarche?
Breast development
What is Menarche what kind of adipose gland is needed
17% fat needed
How does estrogen effect FSH and LH?
At low levels it stimulates it. At moderate levels it inhibits it and at high levels it stimulates it again
What is the time between ovulation and sense called in the ovaries vs. the uterus.
It is the secretory has of the uterus
Mittelschmerz
pain of ovulation -severte
What hormones does human chorionic gonadotrpoin affect. What is the function?
It increase progesterone levels to maintain the corpus leutium.
What is the likelihood of getting breast cancer in lifetime?
1 in 8
What cells in the ovaries produce testosterone that is eventually converted in to estrogen?
Thecal cells
What is int he antrum of the follicle?
Estrogen
What is the cumulus oophorus? What is its function
It adheres the oocyte to the follicle
What is the cororna radiata? What is its function?
Granolas cells surrounding the oocyte that produce estrogen. If must be maintained intact to keep the egg alive.
What is the zone pellucidum?
It binds estrogen to the oocyte
What is the corpus hemeragium?
The site of ovulation that will develop into the coups letup
What do the cell of the Corpus luteum like?
Large amorphous cells, kind of like macrophages.
At what point in the cell cycle are cells stopped between birth and puberty?
Meiosis I. Prophase I.
What is the conversion cell types called? How is this applied to the cervix?
Metaplasia. Cervical sells or converted from simple cuboidal to stratified squamous
What is the purpose of the Muccous plug? When does it disovles
To keep bacteria out of uterus. Dissolves during ovulation.
What is a tilted uterus?
A uterus stuck in the retroflex positions, which is normally the positions of arrosal
What is released by the endometrial glands?
Sticky muccous to trap blastocyst
Which attires are the uterous extend into the stratum functionalis?
Spiral arteries. when the smooth arteries contact around it. The stratum functionalism goes nectrotic. and in the myometrium the contractions help eliminate the dead cells.
What is a complete hysterectomy?
Just the removal of the cervix
What is a radical hysterectomy
Variable, removes the who uterus and possible everything else.
What allow FSH to be inhibited in females?
The moderate levels of estrogen that accompany the self stating oocyte that will be ovulated.
ow does LH cause ovulation?
It converts the follicular cells into luteal cells, causing rupture.
What three things prevents more ovulatory events when pregnant.
Progesterone Inhibits FSH and LH, moderate estrogen, and inhibit produced by the corpus leutum.
What hormones contribute to gestational diabetes? Which one is the largest contributor? How do they contribute?
Cortisol, Human Growth Hormone. The largest one is sommatommatropin. They have a glucose sparing effect, and use convert fatty acids into sugar.
What are seemingly less direct maternal hormones that increase during pregnancy
T3, T4 (more metabolism), growth hormone (more growth) , cortisol(its stressful), parathyroid hormone (baby steels calcium from mama’s bones) , and aldosterone (to increase blood volume)
What is the function of fetal cortisol at the end of pregnancy?
It trigger labor. Encourages the development of the lungs.
What happens to the globular filtration rate during pregnancy? Why?
It increase up to 40%. Protein metabolism is much much higher due to all of the anabolois pathways. Additionally Blood volume and blood pressure are both raised so more blood needs to be filtered.
What hormones form the mother promote mammory gland growth and stimulate locations? By what mechanisms do they work?
Estrogens increases worth and development of mammary ducts during pregnancy. Progeterosn will cause glandular tissue to develop. Pro-lactin will rise during pregnancy which will increase milk production. prolactin level rise and fall with during events. oxytoxin will cause let down and push milk out.
Which fetal/ placental hormones stimulate lactation?
Progesteron cause glandular tissue to grow. Human chorionioc sommatomammotropin s fatty acids into milk.
What is the function of increased estrogen during pregnancy? What fetal hormone signals is productions
to increase growth and development of mammary ducts, and to promote mitotic growth in the uterus. Human chorionic gonadotropin influences its production.
What is Puerperium?
First six week after delivery. While mother’s body returns to normal. Includes uterine involuation. When the loch is expelled. Also time baby is a neonate
Describe signaling from early labor signaling to parturition.
Cortisol levels increase in fetus –> Lower progesterone –> contractions –> pressure on cervix –> signal to hypothalamus —> posterior pituitary release oxytocin —> increase contractions
How are nutrient demands for the large ferula near the end of the pregnancy met? What are some of the important nutrients?
Placenta store nutrients throughout the pregnancy. Iron copper, vitamin K, folic acid.
What is the function of increased melanin during pregnancy?
The darker the nipple and areola.
What is Endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue outside of the reproductive tract. Can effect contractions of smooth muscle in other areas, through progesterone receptors which will cause and prevent smooth muscle contractions depending on what part of the cycle.
How do some of the most deadly forms or breast cancer appear in a mammary game?
Like small stars thought the beast.
