The Respiratory system Flashcards
Breathing
Oxygen-rich air is brought into the lungs and air containing carbon dioxide is forced out.
Gaseous Exchange
Diffusing of gases. Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood.
Respiration
A process that releases the chemical energy in food and makes it available to our cells
What happens to the body when you inhale/inspire?
Air goes inside, the thoracic cavity expands, intercostal muscles contract, and the diaphragm contracts.
What happens to the body when you exhale/expire?
Air goes out, the thoracic cavity contracts, intercostal muscles relax and the diaphragm expands.
What is the function of the alveoli?
Where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?
What are bronchioles?
The smallest branches of the bronchi (air tubes) in the lungs.
What is the function of capillaries in the respiratory system?
Tiny blood vessels through the body in which gaseous exchange occurs.
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
sunlight+carbon dioxide+water = glucose+oxygen
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
glucose( C6 H12 O6) + oxygen(6O 2) = carbon dioxide(6CO2)+ water (6H2O)+ ATP
What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen which is the product of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires Carbon Dioxide and water which are the products of cellular respiration. Making the 2 processes dependent on each other.
What is asthma?
Inflammation of the airways due to stress/allergies/exercise/stress. This causes wheezing, and tightness in the chest. It’s treated with daily meds and an asthma pump.
Bronchitis
infection in the bronchi (viral/bacterial)
Pneumonia
infection of the lung tissue (viral/bacterial)
Tuberculosis
Caused by bacteria.
Symptoms: coughing for +/- more than 2 weeks
blood in sputum(coughing blood)
fever and night sweats
lack of appetite
Lung Cancer
abnormal cells grow abnormally blocking and damaging the alveoli
Emphysema
Smoking destroys the alveoli and fluid collects in the alveoli.
How does smoking increase heart attacks?
The heart is under more strain while smoking due to a lack of oxygen in the blood and the brain sends messages to the heart to pump faster while the heart itself is not getting enough oxygen.
How does Covid 19 effect the lungs?
Early symptoms: shortness of breath, fever, cough.
Later symptoms: ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) eight days after symptoms.
Treatment: supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and supportive care
