Cells

Question 1

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 1

Protein synthesis

Question 2

What si the function of a cell membrane and cell wall?

Answer 2

Cell membrane:
Holds cell together & gives it shape

Cell wall:
Protects structures in the cell & gives plant strength & support

Question 3

What are lysosomes, in which cell(s) are they found, and what are their functions?

Answer 3

Found in animal cells ☑️
Tiny sacs that ☑️
Contains enzymes which help digestion ☑️

Question 4

What are the two functions of cytoplasm

Answer 4

Used for storage &
Circulation of materials

Question 5

What are the two functions of cytoplasm

Answer 5

Used for storage &
Circulation of materials

Question 6

What are cell walls made of?

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

What are cell walls made of?

Answer 7

Cellulose

Question 8

What is cytoplasm made of?

Answer 8

Water (where nutrients are dissolved) , mineral salts & protein

Question 9

Name 2 places where enzymes can be found and both functions of it.

Answer 9

Mitochondria: Enzymes control energy that is released
Lysosomes: Enzymes in tiny sacs help with digestion

Question 10

What is the membrane called that surrounds the vacuole?

Answer 10

Tonoplast

Question 11

What can be found inside od a vacuole?

Answer 11

Water, dissolved sugars, salts

Question 12

Name 2 functions of a vacuole?

Answer 12

It gives support & stores nutrients

Question 13

Name 2 functions of the nucleus in a cell

Answer 13

The nucleas controls cell functions & is involved in cell division

Question 14

What is the fluid in the nucleas called?

Answer 14

Nucleoplasm

Question 15

what is the center of the nucleus called?

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

What can be found on chromosomes?

Answer 16

Genetic info (DNA)

Question 17

What is meiosis?

Answer 17

A type of cell division. The formation of sex cells (gametes - sperm & egg cells)

Question 18

Name 3 functions of mitosis

Answer 18

To form more body cells for growth.
To replace worn out cells.
Used for asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms

Question 19

What is mitosis?

Answer 19

A type of cell division where one cell divides to form 2 identical cells, unless a mutation occurs.

Question 20

What are stem cells?

Answer 20

Unspecialised cells with the potential to develop into many types of cells

Question 21

Name 3 types of stem cells

Answer 21

Embryonic stem cell
Adult stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 22

What is an embryonic stem cell?

Answer 22

A stem cell with the potential to delevop into any type of cell

Question 23

What are adult stem cells?

Answer 23

Cells with the potential to develop into many types of cells

Question 24

What are induced pluripotent stem cells?

Answer 24

Cells that are already differentiated and revert back to their stem cell capabilities

Question 25

Name 3 functions of stem cells

Answer 25

Stem cells grow healthy tissue to replace worn out tissue Stem cells are used in human cells and tissue to test medicine Stem cells are used to study how cells differentiate to better understand birth defects

Question 26

What is cancer?

Answer 26

Abnormal cells dividing abnormally

Question 27

How is a growth formed in your body?

Answer 27

A cell divides spontaneously and rapidly forms a colony (abnormal mass) with no specific function

Question 28

How is a growth formed in your body?

Answer 28

A cell divides spontaneously and rapidly forms a colony (abnormal mass) with no specific function

Question 29

What are benign tumours?

Answer 29

Tumours that are not rapidly spreading and mostly not located in vital organs.

Question 30

What are malignant tumours?

Answer 30

Harmful tumours that spread rapidly and are can be located in vital organs

Question 31

Name 3 types of cancers

Answer 31

Carcinoma Sarconoma Leukaemia

Question 32

What is carcinoma?

Answer 32

Cancer found in the skin/epithelium tissue, the glands & the lining organs

Question 33

What is sarcoma?

Answer 33

A type of cancer found in connective tissue, muscle, fat & bones

Question 34

What is leukaemia?

Answer 34

A type of cancer found in blood, lymphatic system & immune system

Question 35

What is a carcinogen?

Answer 35

Cancer causing agent

Question 36

What is an oncogene?

Answer 36

A gene that carries cancer

Question 37

Name & explain 4 types of cancer treatments

Answer 37

Surgery: Cut cancer out (only if the tumour is in an accessible part of the body) Chemotherapy: Chemical agents kill cancer cells (if the cancer has spread) Radiotherapy: Radioactive radiation Immunotherapy: Engineer the body’s T-cells to target and destroy cancer cells.

Question 38

How would you test for breast cancer?

Answer 38

Mammogram (x-ray) & regular check ups

Question 39

How would you test for prostate cancer?

Answer 39

Prostate specific antigen blood test

Question 40

How would you look for skin cancer?

Answer 40

Check for changes in moles & sores that don’t heal

Question 41

Name a selectively-permeable organelle and a semi permeable organelle

Answer 41

Selectively permeable: Cell membrane Semi permeable: Vacuole

Question 42

Name 2 differences between vacuoles in a plant cell and an animal cell

Answer 42

Animal cell: 1. Vacuoles are small 2. Multiple vacuoles Plant cell: 1. Vacuoles are big 2. One or two vacuoles per cell

Question 43

What is a eukaryote cell?

Answer 43

A cell with a membrane bound nucleus Eg. Plants, animals & fungi

Question 44

What is a prokaryote cell?

Answer 44

A cell that does not have a membrane bound nucleus Eg. Bacteria

Question 45

Which organelle makes energy?

Answer 45

Mitochondria (Not chloroplast bc chloroplast makes food: glucose)

Question 46

How do you identify an onion cell (plant cell)?

Answer 46

Cell wall

Question 47

Name 2 avoidable causes of cancer

Answer 47

Smoking & sun overexposure

Question 48

Name 2 unavoidable causes of cancer

Answer 48

Age & inheritance (oncogenes)

Question 49

Name 2 causes of cancer that can be considered both avoidable and unavoidable

Answer 49

Hormonal imbalances & viruses

Question 50

How can hormones/hormonal imbalances affect cancer

Answer 50

Estrogen can stimulate growth in some tumours

Question 51

How can hormones/hormonal imbalances affect cancer

Answer 51

Estrogen can stimulate growth in some tumours

Question 52

Why should you go for screening tests for cancer

Answer 52

To detect cancer before it has spread ☑️ to treat it efficiently ☑️