The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

It serves as a passage for air to move from the larynx to the bronchi and into the lungs.

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2
Q

What is the epiglottis, and why is it important?

A

It is a flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs.

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3
Q

What are the lobes of the lung, and how many are there in each lung?

A

: The right lung has three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior), and the left lung has two lobes (superior and inferior).

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4
Q

Describe emphysema.

A

A chronic respiratory disease where alveoli are damaged, reducing gas exchange efficiency and causing breathlessness.

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5
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

Small airways that branch off from the bronchi and lead to the alveoli in the lungs.

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6
Q

: What is the function of the alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood.

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7
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

An indentation in the left lung where the heart is positioned.

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8
Q

What role does the diaphragm play in breathing?

A

It contracts and flattens to increase chest cavity volume, allowing air to enter the lungs.

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9
Q

What is the lachrymal duct?

A

A duct that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity.

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10
Q

What are the conchae in the nasal cavity?

A

Bony structures that increase surface area and help warm and humidify incoming air.

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11
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

A muscular tube that serves as a pathway for air to the larynx and food to the esophagus.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the eustachian tube?

A

It connects the middle ear to the pharynx, helping equalize ear pressure.

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13
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

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14
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

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15
Q

What are the false and true vocal cords?

A

True vocal cords produce sound, while false vocal cords protect the vocal folds and don’t contribute to sound production.

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16
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Known as the voice box, it contains the vocal cords and is responsible for sound production

17
Q

What is the carina?

A

The ridge where the trachea splits into the right and left bronchi.

18
Q

Define pneumothorax.

A

A collapsed lung caused by air entering the pleural cavity.

19
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage?

A

The largest cartilage of the larynx, often called the Adam’s apple.

20
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

It is the central compartment in the thorax that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels.

21
Q

What is the difference between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura?

A

Parietal pleura lines the chest wall, while visceral pleura covers the lungs.

22
Q

What are the oblique and lateral fissures?

A

Fissures are grooves that separate the lobes of the lungs

23
Q

What are intercostal muscles?

A

Muscles between the ribs that assist with breathing by expanding and contracting the rib cage.

24
Q

What are the para-nasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled spaces in the skull that lighten its weight and help warm and humidify the air.