The Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 1

It serves as a passage for air to move from the larynx to the bronchi and into the lungs.

Question 2

What is the epiglottis, and why is it important?

Answer 2

It is a flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs.

Question 3

What are the lobes of the lung, and how many are there in each lung?

Answer 3

: The right lung has three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior), and the left lung has two lobes (superior and inferior).

Question 4

Describe emphysema.

Answer 4

A chronic respiratory disease where alveoli are damaged, reducing gas exchange efficiency and causing breathlessness.

Question 5

What are bronchioles?

Answer 5

Small airways that branch off from the bronchi and lead to the alveoli in the lungs.

Question 6

: What is the function of the alveoli?

Answer 6

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood.

Question 7

What is the cardiac notch?

Answer 7

An indentation in the left lung where the heart is positioned.

Question 8

What role does the diaphragm play in breathing?

Answer 8

It contracts and flattens to increase chest cavity volume, allowing air to enter the lungs.

Question 9

What is the lachrymal duct?

Answer 9

A duct that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity.

Question 10

What are the conchae in the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

Bony structures that increase surface area and help warm and humidify incoming air.

Question 11

What is the pharynx?

Answer 11

A muscular tube that serves as a pathway for air to the larynx and food to the esophagus.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the eustachian tube?

Answer 12

It connects the middle ear to the pharynx, helping equalize ear pressure.

Question 13

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 13

A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Question 14

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 14

An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

Question 15

What are the false and true vocal cords?

Answer 15

True vocal cords produce sound, while false vocal cords protect the vocal folds and don’t contribute to sound production.

Question 16

What is the larynx?

Answer 16

Known as the voice box, it contains the vocal cords and is responsible for sound production

Question 17

What is the carina?

Answer 17

The ridge where the trachea splits into the right and left bronchi.

Question 18

Define pneumothorax.

Answer 18

A collapsed lung caused by air entering the pleural cavity.

Question 19

What is the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 19

The largest cartilage of the larynx, often called the Adam’s apple.

Question 20

What does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 20

It is the central compartment in the thorax that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels.

Question 21

What is the difference between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura?

Answer 21

Parietal pleura lines the chest wall, while visceral pleura covers the lungs.

Question 22

What are the oblique and lateral fissures?

Answer 22

Fissures are grooves that separate the lobes of the lungs

Question 23

What are intercostal muscles?

Answer 23

Muscles between the ribs that assist with breathing by expanding and contracting the rib cage.

Question 24

What are the para-nasal sinuses?

Answer 24

Air-filled spaces in the skull that lighten its weight and help warm and humidify the air.