Nervous System

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, memory, emotions, sensory processing, and voluntary motor actions. It is divided into two hemispheres (left and right), and each hemisphere is further subdivided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The cerebrum includes the cerebral cortex (the outer layer, involved in complex thought processes) and underlying structures like the basal ganglia and limbic system. It controls conscious activities and processes information from the senses.

Question 2

Sylvian Fissure

Answer 2

The Sylvian fissure, also known as the lateral sulcus, is a prominent groove on the surface of the brain that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe. It is one of the most significant landmarks of the brain and plays a key role in defining the regions responsible for auditory processing, speech, and language, as parts of the primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area are located near this fissure.

Question 3

MO

Answer 3

The medulla oblongata is the lowest part of the brainstem, located just above the spinal cord. It controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion. The medulla also manages reflexes like swallowing, coughing, and vomiting. It serves as a relay station for nerve signals between the brain and the spinal cord and is essential for maintaining basic life-sustaining functions.

Question 4

Midbrain

Answer 4

The midbrain, or mesencephalon, is a part of the brainstem involved in motor control, visual and auditory processing, and regulating alertness.

Question 5

motor and sensory cortices?

Answer 5

he motor cortex is responsible for planning and executing voluntary movements, while the sensory cortex processes sensory information from the body.

Question 6

Temporal Lobe

Answer 6

The temporal lobe is a region of the cerebrum that is involved in auditory processing, memory, and language comprehension.

Question 7

parietal lobe

Answer 7

region of the cerebrum responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and pain

Question 8

foramen magnum?

Answer 8

Foramen magnum is a large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord connects to the brain

Question 9

: What are the lateral ventricles?

Answer 9

lateral ventricles are fluid-filled cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and are involved in its circulation

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

a part of the brainstem that connects the medulla oblongata to the midbrain and regulates breathing and communication between brain regions.

Question 11

What is the brainstem?

Answer 11

brainstem is the lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord, consisting of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata; it regulates essential life functions.

Question 12

What are sulci and gyri?

Answer 12

: Sulci are the grooves or indentations on the surface of the brain, while gyri are the raised ridges or folds between them.

Question 13

What is the central sulcus?

Answer 13

The central sulcus is a prominent groove that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, marking the boundary between motor and sensory areas.

Question 14

What is the corpus callosum

Answer 14

s a thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them.

Question 15

Meninges

Answer 15

meninges are the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of three layers: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Question 16

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Answer 16

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nutrient transport

Question 17

What is the spinal canal?

Answer 17

spinal canal is a hollow passage within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 18

What is the cauda equina

Answer 18

The cauda equina is a bundle of spinal nerves and nerve roots located at the lower end of the spinal cord, resembling a horse’s tail.

Question 19

Hindbrain

Answer 19

: The hindbrain is a region of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata, responsible for regulating basic life functions and motor control.

Question 20

What is the occipital lobe?

Answer 20

The occipital lobe is the region of the cerebrum located at the back of the brain, primarily responsible for processing visual information.

Question 21

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 21

pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain that secretes hormones regulating various bodily functions, often referred to as the “master gland.”

Question 22

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Answer 22

The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information, while the hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions, such as temperature, hunger, and hormonal control.

Question 23

What are the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

Answer 23

The 3rd and 4th ventricles are fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid, aiding in brain protection and nutrient transport.

Question 24

What is the choroid plexus?

Answer 24

The choroid plexus is a network of cells in the ventricles of the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 25

White and Grey Matter

Answer 25

Gray matter consists of neuronal cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers, while white matter contains myelinated axons that form connections between different brain regions.