Muscoskeletal System II

Question 1

ligament

Answer 1

• Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone
• Either limit or enhance movement
• Provide joint stability
• Enhance joint strength

Question 2

Tendon

Answer 2

Fibrous connective
tissue bands that
connect bone to
muscles
Enable bones to
move when muscles
contract

Question 3

Cartilage

Answer 3

It acts as a cushion between
bones at a joint and protects the bones.

Question 4

Fracture

Answer 4

Break

Question 5

Dislocation

Answer 5

Out of Joint

Question 6

Sprain

Answer 6

Swelling in the joint

Question 7

Osteoporosis

Answer 7

Brittle bones

Question 8

Scoliosis

Answer 8

Curvature of the spine

Question 9

Voluntary Muscles

Answer 9

SKELETAL muscles

Question 10

INVOLUNTARY muscles

Answer 10

• Smooth Muscle: (bladder, intestines,
  respiratory tract etc.)
• Cardiac Muscle: heart

Question 11

FUNCTIONALLY
Voluntarily

Answer 11

Can be moved at will

Question 12

Involuntarily

Answer 12

Cant be moved intentionally

Question 13

STRUCTURALLY
Striated

Answer 13

STRIPES across the fibre

Question 14

Smooth

Answer 14

NO STRIATIONS

Question 15

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 15

• 640 skeletal muscles
• Made up of thick bundles of parallel
  fibers
• Each muscle fiber made up of smaller
  structure myofibrils
• Myofibrils are strands of repeating
  units called sarcomeres

Question 16

Myofibrils

Answer 16

-ELECTRICAL SIGNALS from BRAIN—————>NS——>MUSCLES
-Ca Released inside MUSCLES CELLS and binds TROPONIN C
-ACTIN and MYOSIN FILAMENTS SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER——> MUSCLE CONTRACTION
-ATP provides ENERGY needed for this to happen

Question 17

Insertion

Answer 17

attachment to bone
that moves when
muscle contracts

Question 18

Origin

Answer 18

attachment of
muscle to immovable
(fixed) bone
(anchors muscle

Question 19

MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS
Flexor

Answer 19

Muscle that bends the joint when
contracted

Question 20

Extensor

Answer 20

Muscle that straightens the joint
when contracted.

Question 21

Quadriceps

Answer 21

group of 4 muscles

Question 22

Hamstrings

Answer 22

group of 3 muscles on the posterior aspect on the lower limb

Question 23

Biceps

Answer 23

The bicep, or biceps brachii, is a muscle located in the upper arm. It has two parts, called heads (long head and short head), that help you bend your elbow and rotate your forearm. When you flex your arm, the bicep is the muscle that contracts and becomes visible. It plays an important role in lifting and pulling motions

Question 24

Tricep

Answer 24

The tricep, or triceps brachii, is a large muscle located on the back of the upper arm. It has three parts, or heads (long head, lateral head, and medial head), and is primarily responsible for extending the elbow, which means straightening the arm. It also helps stabilize the shoulder joint during various movements. The tricep is the muscle that contracts when you push or straighten your arm.

Question 25

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 25

The gluteus maximus is the largest and most superficial muscle of the gluteal region, located in the posterior aspect of the pelvis. It originates from the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and inserts into the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract. Its primary function is hip extension and external rotation, playing a key role in movements such as walking, running, and climbing. The muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

Question 26

gastrocnemius

Answer 26

The gastrocnemius is a large muscle in the calf of the leg, consisting of two heads that originate from the femur and insert into the Achilles tendon at the heel. Its primary functions are to plantarflex the foot (point the toes) and assist in bending the knee. It is innervated by the tibial nerve

Question 27

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 27

The latissimus dorsi is a large, flat muscle located on the back. It originates from the lower thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and iliac crest, and inserts into the humerus (upper arm bone). Its primary functions are to extend, adduct, and internally rotate the shoulder. The muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.

Question 28

Pectoralis major

Answer 28

The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle located in the chest. It originates from the clavicle, sternum, and the cartilage of the first six ribs, and it inserts into the humerus (upper arm bone). Its primary functions are to adduct and medially rotate the arm, as well as assist in shoulder flexion. The muscle is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves.

Question 29

Rectus
abdominis

Answer 29

The rectus abdominis is a long, flat muscle located in the front of the abdomen. It originates from the pubic crest and pubic symphysis and inserts into the xiphoid process of the sternum and the cartilage of the fifth to seventh ribs. Its primary function is to flex the spine (bend forward) and compress the abdominal cavity. The muscle is innervated by the lower thoracic nerves

Question 30

Trapezius

Answer 30

The trapezius is a large, triangular-shaped muscle located in the upper back and neck. It originates from the occipital bone of the skull and the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and it inserts into the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula. Its primary functions are to elevate, retract, and rotate the scapula, as well as extend the neck. The muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and cervical spinal nerves