THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

All organisms depend on simple diffusion for gas exchange. CO2 out and O2 In.
Gases will move from [high] to [low]

Question 2

Closed circulatory system

Answer 2

Blood is encased through tubes

Question 3

Open circulatory system

Answer 3

Organs are “bathed” in blood

Question 4

This allows diffusion in the breathing structure

Answer 4

The breathing structure is one cell thick

Question 5

Glottis

Answer 5

Located between the vocal cords. Facilitates ventilation, phonation, and provides airway protection

Question 6

Everyday term for the larynx

Answer 6

Vocal box

Question 7

What tissue is the larynx made of

Answer 7

Made up of several layers of cartilage, the larges piece being the Adam’s apple

Question 8

What part of the larynx is used to produce sound?

Answer 8

The vocal chords—two highly elastic folds

Question 9

How do they accomplish it

Answer 9

Air passes through the lines rushes past the vocal cords and causes them to vibrate

Question 10

What does the blood do to the air in the nose and mouth—capillaries

Answer 10

Heat from capillaries warm the air

Question 11

The nose contains mucus. What 2 things does the mucus do to the air?

Answer 11

Saliva and mucus moisten the air
Traps potential bacterias and viruses

Question 12

What are cilia? What do they do?

Answer 12

Small, microscopic hairs in the back of the nose. Participate in filtration

Question 13

Pharynx

Answer 13

Part of the throat that connects the mouth (oral cavity) and nose (nasal cavity) to the larynx and esophagus

Question 14

Epiglottis

Answer 14

Epi (above). Flap like piece of elastic cartilage that covers the glottis
Prevents food from entering the trachea.

Question 15

Afferent blood vessel

Question 16

What are the shape of the alveoli?

Answer 16

Little balloon like sacs

Question 17

What is the purpose of the alveoli?

Answer 17

Where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.

Question 18

What is the soap-like liquid that lines the alveoli?

Answer 18

Pulmonary surfactant
– phospholipids and proteins

Question 19

What is the purpose of pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 19

Pulmonary surfactant is essential for life as it lines the alveoli to lower surface tension, thereby preventing atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli) during breathing.

Question 20

Bronchi

Answer 20

Cilliated mucus membrane filters the air if some degree gets passed the nasal and tracheal cavities

Question 21

Bronchioles are lined with what and for why?

Answer 21

Lined with ciliated mucus membrane helps traps dust and foreign particles to prevent them from reaching the alveoli

Question 22

Trachea

Answer 22

Known as the windpipe

Question 23

What is the shape
of the trachea

Answer 23

C shaped cartilage rings
Lined with smooth muscle to prevent collapse

Question 24

The trachea contains a ciliated mucus membrane what is its purpose

Answer 24

Remove debris and dirt

Question 25

What cells secrete mucus in the respiratory system

Answer 25

Goblet system

Question 26

Afferent blood vessel

Answer 26

“towards”

Question 27

Efferent blood vessel

Answer 27

“away”

Question 28

Each alveolus is made of a group of ____

Answer 28

Alveolar sacs

Question 29

An alveolar sack is ____ thick

Answer 29

One cell

Question 30

Gas exchange occurs between the _____ and the _______. This happens by diffusion (______ to _______).

Answer 30

Alveolar sac and the blood in the capillaries. High concentration to low concentration.

Question 31

Alveoli are important for…

Answer 31

Increasing surface area for gas exchange. There is around 1 million per lung.

Question 32

Intercostal muscles are…

Answer 32

• These are the muscles between the ribs
• Contraction = inhalation
• relaxation = exhalation

Question 33

What/where is the diaphragm

Answer 33

A muscle layer that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
Contraction = Inhalation
Relaxation = exhalation

Question 34

Air will flow into the lungs when____ Air will flow out _____

Answer 34

The pressure inside the lungs is lower than the surrounding air pressure. Air will flow out when the opposite is true

Question 35

How do the intercostal muscles and diagphram facilitate breathing?

Answer 35

They coordinate to change the volume of the chest cavity and lungs, and therefore, the internal pressure

Question 36

What happens when the intercostal muscles contract?

Answer 36

They pull the rib cage up and out. The diaphragm also contracts, causing it to move downwards.

Question 37

What happens during inhalation

Answer 37

The chest cavity and lungs expand due to the muscle contractions. This causes the pressure inside the chest and lungs to decrease. Air flows into the lungs because the pressure is lower there.

Question 38

What happens during exhalation?

Answer 38

Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. The ribs pull down and the diaphragm moves upward This causes the pressure inside the chest and lungs to increase. Air flows out of the lungs because the pressure is higher there.

Question 39

What small part of the brain controls your breathing rate?

Answer 39

The medulla oblongata

Question 40

What happens to the blood pH if carbon dioxide levels are too high?

Answer 40

The blood pH becomes more acidic and this is detected by chemoreceptors. They are found in the medulla oblongata. In response, medulla oblong. sends signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, telling them to contract more often.

Question 41

Boyles law

Question 42

Bronchi and bronchioles have the ability to change their diameter

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What tissue in the bronchi and bronchioles allows them to change diameter

Answer 43

Smooth muscle