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SBI3U > THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Anabolism

A
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2
Q

Catabolism

A
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3
Q

Monomer

A
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4
Q

Polymer

A
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5
Q

What is the relationship between polysaccharides and polymers?

A

A polysaccharide is a polymer
starch, for example, is a polysaccharide

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6
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A
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7
Q

What monomer(s) makes up polysaccharides? (monosaccharides)

A

glucose
fructose

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8
Q

What two molecules make up fats

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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9
Q

Saturated vs Unsaturated fats

A
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10
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Catabolism; water breaks down molecules with the help of digestive enzymes

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11
Q

amylase

A

breaks down starch into sugar

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12
Q

protease

A

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

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13
Q

lipase

A

break down fats

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14
Q

nuclease

A
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15
Q

The ducts which carry bile from the liver are called

A

The left and right hepatic duct, which join to make the common hepatic duct

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16
Q

The duct which attaches to the common hepatic duct from the gall bladder is called the

A

Cystic duct

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17
Q

After the cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct what duct is formed

A

The common bile duct

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18
Q

The function of the pancreatic duct is

A

It carries digestive juices. The pancreatic duct meets the common bile duct in the duodenum at the ampulla of vater

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19
Q

The ampulla of Vater

A

Where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct converge

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20
Q

The salivary gland located below and just in front of each ear

A

The parotid gland (pa-rotted)

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21
Q

The salivary gland located nearest to beneath the tongue

A

The sublingual gland

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22
Q

The salivary gland located nearest to the lower jaw

A

The submandibular gland

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23
Q

The sphincter located between the duodenum and the stomach

A

the pyloric sphincter

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24
Q

The sphincter located between the esophagus and the stomach

A

The lower esophageal sphincter (commonly known as the cardiac sphincter)

25
Q

Polysaccharides

A

A polymer made up of the monomer “monosaccharide”. Three main types of polysaccharide
Starch - Energy storage for plants, good energy for humans
Cellulose - Makes up plant walls. Indigestible by humans, important fibre for the large intestine.
Glycogen - a short term energy storage technique in humans

26
Q

What two types of glands produce enzymes

A

those with and without ducts

27
Q

Two glands with ducts

A

pancreas and salivary glands

28
Q

Enzymes use this type of reaction

A

hydrolysis

29
Q

What two acids make up fats

A

Glycerol and Fatty acids

30
Q

Breaking down food manually (teeth)

A

Mastication

31
Q

This type of fat is associated with health issues

A

Saturated fat

32
Q

Proteins are made up of

A

Amino acid monomers

33
Q

5 Roles of Fats

A

cushioning for organs
insulation for the body
surrounds nerve and increases signal transmission
A source of energy for the body
Makes up cell membranes

34
Q

5 Roles of proteins

A

Cell surface markers
Enzymes for reactions
Structure in the body
Hormones
Transport channels in membranes

35
Q

Primary role of carbohydrates

A

Energy source

36
Q

Primary role of proteins

A

“Building” material of the body. Enzymes to control reactions

37
Q

Primary role of fats

A

Long term energy storage

38
Q

Role of vitamins

A

Important in immunity
Act as coenzymes

39
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic material (Ca, K.)
Help with cartilage/bones, nerve signal transmission, and muscle contraction

40
Q

Water

A

Chemical dissolve to provide right environment for chemical reactions
Provides environment for cellular life

41
Q

Amylase is produced by

A

The salivary glands and the pancreas

42
Q

Amylase breaks down polysaccharides into

A

Disaccharides: Maltose, lactose, sucrose

43
Q

Disaccharides are further broken down into monosaccharides in the SI by

A

Maltase, lactase, and sucrase (released in the small intestine)

44
Q

Polypeptides are broken down into amino acids by

A

Pepsin in the stomach
Trypsin in the small intestine

45
Q

Fats are broken down by _____ into _____

A

lipases into fatty acids and glycerol

46
Q

The esophagus is made up of these two types of muscle

A

Circular and longitudinal muscle. These muscles are functional in peristalsis, aiding in moving food through the digestive system.

47
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

At the base of the esophagus and start of the stomach. Prevents stomach fluids from travelling backwards unless under special circumstances.

48
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Controls the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

49
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle does the stomach have?

A

Three layers. Longitudinal outer layer, circular middle layer, and another circular muscle layer

50
Q

Stomach is lined with gastric glands

A

Secrete gastric juices which break down food chemically

51
Q

The jejunum

A

Has more folds and intestinal glands than the duodenum, as well as villi. This is where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place.

52
Q

Appendix

A

Attached to the cecum; may help fight bacterial infection and house beneficial bacteria.

53
Q

Rugae

A

These increase the surface area of the stomach and allow the stomach to expand when more food is ingested

54
Q

How does absorption meet the rate of the cell

A

The length of the intestine
Many folds
Villi
Microvilli

55
Q

Central lacteal

A

An extension of the lymph vessel
absorbs nutrients like fats

56
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Part of the circulatory system. Carries mostly plasma and WBC

57
Q

Goblet cell

A

Main job is secreting mucus
Mucus lines and protects the walls of the S.I.

58
Q

Absorptive cell

A

Absorbs food particles
Golgi apparatus and ER help transport
Microvilli on the exterior increase surface area for absorption

59
Q
A

SBI3U (4 decks)

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