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SBI3U > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs into and out from:

A

Into the four pulmonary veins—out through the Aorta

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2
Q

Deoxygenated blood flows:

A

In through the inferior and superior vena cava and out to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries2

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3
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Carries oxygen poor blood from the head, arms, upper body, into the right atrium

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4
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Carries oxygen poor blood from the lower body into the right atrium

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5
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives oxygen poor blood from the inferior and superior vena cava

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6
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Controls blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle and prevents back flow between these chambers

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7
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

The strong fibrous connection between the tricuspid and mitral valve leaflets and the papillary muscles

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8
Q

Papillary muscle

A

Attaches to the chordae tendineae and supports this muscle

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9
Q

Right ventricle

A

Receives oxygen poor blood from the atrium

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

The thin, smooth tissue which lines the chambers and valves of the heart

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11
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscular wall of the heart; contractility

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12
Q

Epicardium

A

The outermost tissue which enfolds the heart

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13
Q

Inter-ventricular Septum

A

Divides the chambers of the heart

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14
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

A

Controls the blood flow of oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

Pulmonary trunk/artery

A

Carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation

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16
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium

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17
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins

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18
Q

Mitral valve

A

Controls blood flow between left atrium and left ventricle

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19
Q

Left ventricle

A

Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it through the aorta

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20
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

controls blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

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21
Q

Aorta

A

Pumps oxygen rich blood through the body

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22
Q

Systole

A
  • Contraction phase of the heart
  • Blood pressure is highest when heart contracts
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23
Q

Diastole

A
  • Relaxation phase of the heart
  • Blood pressure is lowest when the heart relaxes
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24
Q

Why would someone with low blood pressure feel lightheaded or pass out?

A

When pressure is low, your brain isn’t receiving enough oxygen from your blood.

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25
Q

A blood pressure cuff is called a

A

sphygmomahometer

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26
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A
  • Located in the atrial tissue
  • Called “pacemaker” — sends signals out regularly to create reg. heartbeat
  • Sends signals out over the atria and to the AV node
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27
Q

Atrioventricular node

A
  • Located at the bottom of the right atrium between the atria and ventricles
  • Sends signals out over the ventricles
28
Q

Bundle Branches and Purkinje Fibers

A

Carries signals to the ventricles from the AV node.

29
Q

Steps for Stimulating the Heart

A
  1. Signal starts with the SA node
  2. Atria contract
  3. AV Node
  4. Purkinje fibers
  5. Ventricles contract
30
Q

ECG/EKG

A

This is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart during its cardiac cycle (cycle of alternating contraction and relaxation)

31
Q

The resting state of a myocardial cell has

A

a charge difference on one side of the cell compared to the other. Called polarized.

32
Q

A muscle contraction is stimulated by

A

Depolarization. Signals from the SA node and AV nodes cause the myocardial cells to depolarize, which means the charges reverse. When this happens, the muscle cell is going to contract.

33
Q

A myocardial cell returning to its original condition is called:

A

Re-polarization. When this happens the cell will relax again, ready to do contraction again.

34
Q

What does an ECG/EKG record?

A

The electrical signals produced by the depolarization and re-polarization of all the cells found in the carious chambers of the heart.

35
Q

P WAVE

A

Produced by the depolarization and contraction of the atria. Atrial systole.

36
Q

QRS WAVE

A

Depolarization and contraction of the ventricle—ventricular systole. Also when the atria re-polarized/ relaxes

37
Q

T WAVE

A

Re-polarization and relaxation of ventricles

38
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Your medulla oblongata, found at base of the brain, responsible for monitoring conditions in your body and changing your heart rate accordingly. Connects to the heart using nerves.

39
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Increases the heart rate

40
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Decreases the heart rate

41
Q

Stroke volume

A
  • This is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle with each contraction
  • mL/beat
42
Q

Cardiac output

A
  • Total volume of blood pumped out of the heart every minute
  • L/min
43
Q

Heart rate

A
  • the number of contractions per minute
  • beats per minute
44
Q

Equation for Cardiac output

A

co = sv x hr

45
Q

Tunica Intima

A

The innermost layer of arteries and veins; made up of internal elastic lamina, sub endothelial layer (connective tissue) and endothelium.

46
Q

Tunica Media

A

Middle layer; smooth muscular muscle, controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

46
Q

Plasma

A
  • Fluid portion
  • 55% of blood
  • Made of mostly water with dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes
47
Q

Erythrocytes

A
  • Red blood cells
  • 44% of blood
  • Biconcave disk shape
  • No nucleus in mammals (packed with hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen)
47
Q

Leukocytes

A
  • White blood cells
  • less than one percent of blood
48
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • Engages in phagocytosis
  • Involved in allergic reactions
49
Q

Monocytes

A
  • Engage in phagocytosis
  • Help other cells produce antibodies
50
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • Important for the immune response
51
Q
A

outside the cell

52
Q

What does it mean when a myocardial cell “depolarizes”?

A

charges reverse and causes contraction (positive inside, negative outside)

53
Q

What do we call it when myocardium cell returns to its original

A

re-polarization

54
Q

name of the blood vessel squeezed when bp is taken

A

brachial artery

55
Q
A

vasoconstriction and dilation

56
Q
A

expand and snap back to its original shape

57
Q

This helps veins to move blood against gravity

A

Contraction of skeletal muscle

58
Q

The diameter of a capillary vessel

A

8 micrometers

59
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells 44%

60
Q

leukocytes

A

White blood cells 1%

61
Q

Types of white blood cells (leukocytes)

A

granulocytes
monocytes
lymphocytes

62
Q

phagocytosis

A

granuloct
monocle

63
Q

What is the size of the capillary?

A

8 micrometers.

SBI3U (4 decks)

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