The Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the Nasal Cavity?

Answer 1

the entry point for 70% of air ventilated. Mucus membranes and hair in the nose aarms, filters and moistens the air

Question 2

What is the pharynx?

Answer 2

The back of the throat where the mouth, nasal cavity and throat join together

Question 3

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 3

a cartilaginous structure at the back of the throat. Like a glap it blocks yhe oesophagus and trachea depending on whether you’re breathing or eating

Question 4

What is the larynx?

Answer 4

the voicebox, air moves over the vocal chords to create sound and words

Question 5

what is the trachea?

Answer 5

a tube connecting the pharynx and larynx to the lungs. It contains a series of c shapes cartilage running down its front to keep it open

Question 6

what are bronchi?

Answer 6

The branche from the left and right lungs to the trachea

Question 7

What are bronchioles?

Answer 7

smaller branches from bronchi into the lobes of the lungs

Question 8

What are alveoli?

Answer 8

small, grape like structures in the lungs covered in capillaries. This is where diffusion takes place

Question 9

What is the role of the sternoclerdomastoid in breathing

Answer 9

The muscle that pulls the collar bone up to increase the size of the thoracic cavity

Question 10

What does the pectoralis major do during breathing?

Answer 10

helps reduce the size of the thoracic cavity by squezing the ribs in

Question 11

positive short term effects of excercise on the respiratory system (3)

Answer 11

Increased Tidal volume, frequency andinute ventilation

Question 12

positive long term effects of excercise on the respiratoy system (2)

Answer 12

• Increased number of capillaries around the alveoli

- the respiratory muscle become stronger

Question 13

Tidal volume definition

Answer 13

Vol of air inhaled per breath

Question 14

Frequency definition (respiratory system)

Answer 14

The number of breaths taken per minute

Question 15

Minute ventilation definition

Answer 15

The vol of air inhaled per minute

Question 16

average value of tidal vol

Answer 16

500ml

Question 17

average value of frequency

Answer 17

12-15bpm

Question 18

average value of minute ventilation

Answer 18

6-8L/Min

Question 19

Tidal volume value during excercise

Answer 19

3-4L

Question 20

Frequency value during excercise

Answer 20

40-60bpm

Question 21

Minute ventilation value during excercise

Answer 21

12-40L/min

Question 22

Inspiratory Reserve volume definition

Answer 22

The vol of air available to be inspired after tidal vol

Question 23

Expiratory Reserve volume definition

Answer 23

The vol of air available to be expired after tidal volume

Question 24

Residual volume

Answer 24

the vol of air left in the lungs after forced expiration

Question 25

Vital capacity

Answer 25

the total volume of air that can be inspired and expired

Question 26

Total lung capacity

Answer 26

The total volume of air at full inhalation

Question 27

the muscles involved during inspiration/expiration at rest

Answer 27

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscle

Question 28

The extra muscles involved during inspiration during excercise

Answer 28

Sternoclerdomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis major

Question 29

The extra muscles involved during expiration during excercise

Answer 29

Rectus abdominus and the internal intercostal muscles

Question 30

Inspiration at rest

Answer 30

The diaphragm and external intercostals contract, causing the ribcage to be pulled up and out. This then allows the thoracic cavity to increase which lowers the air pressure in the lungs. Because of the pressure gradient, air is drawn into the lungs

Question 31

Expiration at rest

Answer 31

The diaphragm and external intercostals relax, so the ribcage is pulled in and down. The thoracic cavity decreases in size, causing the lung pressure to increase. Due to the aire pressure gradient, air moves from the lungs to the atmosphere to balance the pressure.