The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the Nasal Cavity?
the entry point for 70% of air ventilated. Mucus membranes and hair in the nose aarms, filters and moistens the air
What is the pharynx?
The back of the throat where the mouth, nasal cavity and throat join together
What is the epiglottis?
a cartilaginous structure at the back of the throat. Like a glap it blocks yhe oesophagus and trachea depending on whether you’re breathing or eating
What is the larynx?
the voicebox, air moves over the vocal chords to create sound and words
what is the trachea?
a tube connecting the pharynx and larynx to the lungs. It contains a series of c shapes cartilage running down its front to keep it open
what are bronchi?
The branche from the left and right lungs to the trachea
What are bronchioles?
smaller branches from bronchi into the lobes of the lungs
What are alveoli?
small, grape like structures in the lungs covered in capillaries. This is where diffusion takes place
What is the role of the sternoclerdomastoid in breathing
The muscle that pulls the collar bone up to increase the size of the thoracic cavity
What does the pectoralis major do during breathing?
helps reduce the size of the thoracic cavity by squezing the ribs in
positive short term effects of excercise on the respiratory system (3)
Increased Tidal volume, frequency andinute ventilation
positive long term effects of excercise on the respiratoy system (2)
- Increased number of capillaries around the alveoli
- the respiratory muscle become stronger
Tidal volume definition
Vol of air inhaled per breath
Frequency definition (respiratory system)
The number of breaths taken per minute
Minute ventilation definition
The vol of air inhaled per minute
average value of tidal vol
500ml
average value of frequency
12-15bpm
average value of minute ventilation
6-8L/Min
Tidal volume value during excercise
3-4L
Frequency value during excercise
40-60bpm
Minute ventilation value during excercise
12-40L/min
Inspiratory Reserve volume definition
The vol of air available to be inspired after tidal vol
Expiratory Reserve volume definition
The vol of air available to be expired after tidal volume
Residual volume
the vol of air left in the lungs after forced expiration
Vital capacity
the total volume of air that can be inspired and expired
Total lung capacity
The total volume of air at full inhalation
the muscles involved during inspiration/expiration at rest
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscle
The extra muscles involved during inspiration during excercise
Sternoclerdomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis major
The extra muscles involved during expiration during excercise
Rectus abdominus and the internal intercostal muscles
Inspiration at rest
The diaphragm and external intercostals contract, causing the ribcage to be pulled up and out. This then allows the thoracic cavity to increase which lowers the air pressure in the lungs. Because of the pressure gradient, air is drawn into the lungs
Expiration at rest
The diaphragm and external intercostals relax, so the ribcage is pulled in and down. The thoracic cavity decreases in size, causing the lung pressure to increase. Due to the aire pressure gradient, air moves from the lungs to the atmosphere to balance the pressure.
