Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Flow of the blood starting at the vena cava

Answer 1

Vena cava> Right atrium> Tricuspid valve> Right ventricle> Senilunar pulmonary valve> Pulmonary artery> Lungs> Pulmonary vein> Left atrium> Bicuspid valve> Left ventricle> Semilunar aortic valve> Aorta> body> Vena cava

Question 2

Stroke volume definition+ average and range

Answer 2

• The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in one contraction
• 70ml average adult, range of 50-100ml

Question 3

Heart rate definiton + average at rest

Answer 3

• Number of heart beats per minute

- 60-80bpm

Question 4

Cardiac output definition, calculation and average

Answer 4

• Volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
• CO = SV × HR
• 5L

Question 5

Arteries definition

Answer 5

Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart with thick muscular walls

Question 6

Arterioles definition

Answer 6

Vessels that connect arteries to cappilleries, they are smaller versions of arteries with muscular walls

Question 7

Capillaries definition

Answer 7

Vessels that are one cell thick that enable nutrients and gases to oass through them

Question 8

Venules definition

Answer 8

Connect the capillaries to veins, they are smaller versions of veins without valves

Question 9

Veins definition

Answer 9

Vessels with a large lumen, with valves inside to prevent blood backflow

Question 10

Tunica externa definition

Answer 10

The outside layer of an artery or vein

Question 11

Tunica media

Answer 11

The middle layer of an artery or vein

Question 12

Tunica Intima

Answer 12

The inside layer of an artery or vein, the only layer of a capillary

Question 13

Lumen

Answer 13

The space through which blood passes through

Question 14

Septum definition

Answer 14

Seperates the left and right sides of the heart

Question 15

Respiratory Pump definition

Answer 15

When breathing in, the pressure in change in the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity pushes blood in the veins back to the heart

Question 16

Oxygen definition

Answer 16

Main element in aerobic production of energy

Question 17

Carbon Dioxide definition

Answer 17

By-product of energy production

Question 18

Haemoglobin definition

Answer 18

Part of the blood that carries oxygen

Question 19

Oxyhaemoglobin definiton

Answer 19

The name when Haemoglobin is joined with oxygen

Question 20

White blood cells definition

Answer 20

cells in the blood responsible for protecting the body from infection and disease

Question 21

Platelets definition

Answer 21

The cells that stop bleeding by clotting

Question 22

Plasma definition

Answer 22

The fluid which enables other cells to move around the body

Question 23

What is special about the veins’ placement?

Answer 23

veins are often found within muscles and bones so the blood within them are pushed back to the heart during contraction

Question 24

what can the arteries and arterioles change and why?

Answer 24

because of elastic tissue, the lumen size can be changed

Question 25

how thin are the capillaries?

Answer 25

very thin with single celled lumen

Question 26

Vascular shunt mechanism definition?

Answer 26

the redistribution of blood through the widening and narrowing of the arteries

Question 27

Vasodilation definition

Answer 27

the widening of the lumen in arteries to increase blood flow

Question 28

Vasoconstriction definition

Answer 28

the constricting of the lumen in arteries to decrease blood flow

Question 29

role of the Pre capillary sphincters

Answer 29

constricts blood flow to certain capillaries such as the stomach during exercise

Question 30

Short term impact of physical activity on the cardiovascular system (3)

Answer 30

• increase in HR, SV and Cardiac Output

Question 31

Long term impact of physical activity on the cardiovascular system (4)

Answer 31

• increased cardiac muscle strength
• increased rest and working SV
• Reduced resting heart rate
• increased maximal Cardiac Output

Question 32

Impact of a warm up on the cardiovascular system (3)

Answer 32

• increased HR/ Venous return and SV
• increased cardiac output
• respiratory pump are activated