Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Flow of the blood starting at the vena cava
Vena cava> Right atrium> Tricuspid valve> Right ventricle> Senilunar pulmonary valve> Pulmonary artery> Lungs> Pulmonary vein> Left atrium> Bicuspid valve> Left ventricle> Semilunar aortic valve> Aorta> body> Vena cava
Stroke volume definition+ average and range
- The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in one contraction
- 70ml average adult, range of 50-100ml
Heart rate definiton + average at rest
- Number of heart beats per minute
- 60-80bpm
Cardiac output definition, calculation and average
- Volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
- CO = SV × HR
- 5L
Arteries definition
Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart with thick muscular walls
Arterioles definition
Vessels that connect arteries to cappilleries, they are smaller versions of arteries with muscular walls
Capillaries definition
Vessels that are one cell thick that enable nutrients and gases to oass through them
Venules definition
Connect the capillaries to veins, they are smaller versions of veins without valves
Veins definition
Vessels with a large lumen, with valves inside to prevent blood backflow
Tunica externa definition
The outside layer of an artery or vein
Tunica media
The middle layer of an artery or vein
Tunica Intima
The inside layer of an artery or vein, the only layer of a capillary
Lumen
The space through which blood passes through
Septum definition
Seperates the left and right sides of the heart
Respiratory Pump definition
When breathing in, the pressure in change in the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity pushes blood in the veins back to the heart
Oxygen definition
Main element in aerobic production of energy
Carbon Dioxide definition
By-product of energy production
Haemoglobin definition
Part of the blood that carries oxygen
Oxyhaemoglobin definiton
The name when Haemoglobin is joined with oxygen
White blood cells definition
cells in the blood responsible for protecting the body from infection and disease
Platelets definition
The cells that stop bleeding by clotting
Plasma definition
The fluid which enables other cells to move around the body
What is special about the veins’ placement?
veins are often found within muscles and bones so the blood within them are pushed back to the heart during contraction
what can the arteries and arterioles change and why?
because of elastic tissue, the lumen size can be changed
how thin are the capillaries?
very thin with single celled lumen
Vascular shunt mechanism definition?
the redistribution of blood through the widening and narrowing of the arteries
Vasodilation definition
the widening of the lumen in arteries to increase blood flow
Vasoconstriction definition
the constricting of the lumen in arteries to decrease blood flow
role of the Pre capillary sphincters
constricts blood flow to certain capillaries such as the stomach during exercise
Short term impact of physical activity on the cardiovascular system (3)
- increase in HR, SV and Cardiac Output
Long term impact of physical activity on the cardiovascular system (4)
- increased cardiac muscle strength
- increased rest and working SV
- Reduced resting heart rate
- increased maximal Cardiac Output
Impact of a warm up on the cardiovascular system (3)
- increased HR/ Venous return and SV
- increased cardiac output
- respiratory pump are activated
