Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo III > The Reproductive System: Gametogenesis: Ova > Flashcards

The Reproductive System: Gametogenesis: Ova Flashcards

1
Q

Gametes are produced in the _.

A

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fertilization occurs in the _.

A

Oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Implantation takes place in the _.

A

Uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is critical to the female reproductive tract?

A

Hormonal control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In oogenesis, the first meiotic division occurs in the _.

A

Ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In oogenesis, the second meiotic division occurs in the _.

A

oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens during the second meiotic division of oogenesis?

A

Metapase arrest (prior to ovulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meiosis does not complete unless…

A

The oocyte is fertilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oogenesis starts during _ and is halted until _.

A

embryonic development
puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the oocyte get into the fallopian tube (oviduct)?

A

The oviduct extends finger like processes with cilia that bind to the corona radiata on the follicle and helps bring the oocyte into the oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Germinal Epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why don’t oogonia need protection from the immune system like spermatogonia?

A

Oogonia are present during development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to oogonia during fetal development?

A

Mitosis increases number of future oocytes
Most do not develop fully (atresia) - apoptosis surrounding cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or false: 80% of oocytes are destroyed before birth.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At birth, ovaries contain _ to _ primary oocytes.

A

600,000 to 800,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to oocytes during the first meiotic division?

A

They are arrested in prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why do females have a finite number of oocytes?

A

Oognia do not continue to build oocytes after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the basic structure of a follicle?

A

Oocyte at the center
Zona Pellucida (very eosinophillic layer of glycoproteins)
Granulosa cells - supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The developing female gamete is known as the …

A

Oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The mature female gamete is known as the…

A

Ovum (Ova)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Histologically describe the oocyte.

A

Very large cell containing large amounts of subceullar organelles
Project irregular microvilli into perivitelline space
Granulosa cells extend processes into same space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the perivitelline space?

A

Between the oocyte and the granulosa cells
where zona pellucida will form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference between the female gamete and male gamete?

A

The male gamete is mostly nucleus with some mictochondria for control of the flagellum

The female gamete is a very large cell containing large amounts of subcellular organelles with irregular microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_ form the cumulus oophorus in the secondary follicle.

A

Granulosa Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of granulosa cells?

A

Support the oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cornoa Radiata

A

Layer of cells that surrounds the oocyte after release (ovulation)

27
Q

How do granulosa cells communicate with the oocyte?

A

Microvilli penetrate the zona pellucida and contact the oocyte microvilli - communicate through gap junctions

28
Q

General stages of follicular development

A
  1. Primordial
  2. Primary follicle
  3. Secondary Follicle
  4. Graafian Follicle
  5. Release
29
Q

What are primordial follicles?

A

Before birth
simple squamous
oocyte is immediately surrounded by squamous cells
every month some primordial follicles are activated and grow into primary follicles

30
Q

What is the difference between the two types of primary follicles?

A

Early - simple cuboidal
Late - stratified cuboidal

31
Q

What indicates a secondary follicle?

A

Antrum (space in granulosa cells)
Outer layers (theca) are visible
Multilayered

32
Q

What are the layers of a secondary follicle?

A

Granulosa Cells
Basement Membrane
Theca Interna
Theca Externa

33
Q

Histologically describe a mature secondary follicle

A

Oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida and cumulus oophorus
Antrum filled with fluid and Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor (OMI)

34
Q

Cumulus Oophorus

A

Stalk of granulosa cells the follicle structure sits on

35
Q

Oocyte growth is dependent on…

A

FSH
Ca2+
GH

36
Q

Where are thecal cells located?

A

Surround follicle above granulosa

37
Q

Theca Interna

A

Hormone producing
cells produce estrogen precursors in response to LH

38
Q

Theca Externa

A

Outer layer of CT and smooth muscle

39
Q

Where is a graafian follicle located? What does it look like?

A

Closer to the outside of the ovary
Large antrum
Stratum Granulosa

40
Q

What are polar bodies? Where are they found?

A

Daughter cells of oocytes undergoing meiosis
Visible next to oocyte inside zona pellucida

41
Q

What happens to polar bodies?

A

They receive full complement of chromosomes but minimal cytoplasm
Eventually undergo apoptosis

42
Q

What causes oocyte release?

A

Increased V/P follicular fluid → increased pressure
Plasmin protelolysis of follicular wall
GAGs deposition in cumulus oophorus to seperate it
Smooth muscle contraction in the theca externa
Wall ruptures → oocyte flows out

43
Q

Fill in the Follicular Cell and Theca Folliculi information

Primordial

A

Follicular Cells: Single layer, squamous
Theca Folliculi: Not present

44
Q

Fill in the Follicular Cell and Theca Folliculi information

Unilaminar primary (early primary)

A

Follicular Cells: Single layer, cuboidal
Theca Folliculi: Not present

45
Q

Fill in the Follicular Cell and Theca Folliculi information

Multilaminar primary (late primary)

A

Follicular Cells: Several layers, cuboidal
Theca Folliculi: Present

46
Q

Fill in the Follicular Cell and Theca Folliculi information

Secondary

A

Follicular Cells: Several layers, cuboidal w/ follicular fluid in extracellular spaces
Theca Folliculi: Present

47
Q

Fill in the Follicular Cell and Theca Folliculi information

Graafian

A

Follicular Cells: Membrana granulosa; cumulus oophorus; coronoa radiata; atrum filled with liquor folliuli
Theca Folliculi: Present

49
Q

Fill in the Follicular Cell and Theca Folliculi information

Dominant Graafian

A

Follicular Cells: Membrana granulosa; cumulus oophorus; coronoa radiata; atrum filled with liquor folliuli
Theca Folliculi: Present

50
Q

The Pituitary Gland

`

A

Receives signals from the CNS
Sends signals to other endocrine glands and organs

51
Q

What hormones does the pituitary send to the reproductive systems in both males and females?

A

LH and FSH

52
Q

What do LH and FSH do in the testes?

A

LH → androgen secretion
FSH →Spermatogenesis

53
Q

What do LH and FSH do in the ovaries?

A

LH → ovulation
FSH → follicular development; estrogen secretion

54
Q

FSH

A

stimulates follicular development in the ovary and spermatogenesis in the testis

Released from basophils

55
Q

LH

A

Regulates final maturation of ovarian follicle, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation; in males, essential for maintenance of androgen secretion by the leydig cells of the testis

Secreted by basophils

56
Q

Male Hormones: testosterone

A

Secondary Sex characteristics
Reproductive System
Metabolic functions (growth, kidney)
Behavior (including libido)

57
Q

Where is testosterone made?

A

Leydig cells

58
Q

What triggers ovulation?

A

Surge of LH

59
Q

Female Hormones

Hormonal levels change over the course of a _ day cycle.

A

28

60
Q

What functions can changes in hormonal levels affect?

A

Oocyte release by ovaries
Uterine wall changes

61
Q

What is different about cycles of other animals?

A

Estrus (compare to the luteal phase)
Usually seasonal
Controlled by melatonin and the pineal gland

62
Q

What are the female hormones?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

63
Q

What is the male hormone?

A

Testosterone

64
Q

Estrogen and Progesterone

A

Secondary sex characteristics
Reproductive system
Lactation

Histo III (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions