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Histo III > The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gametes are produced in the….

A

ovaries

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2
Q

Fertilization takes place in the….

A

oviduct

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3
Q

Implantation takes place in the…

A

Uterus

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4
Q

_ is critical

A

Hormonal control

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5
Q

The pituitary gland receives signals from the…

A

CNS

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6
Q

FSH

A

Stimulates follicular development in the ovary and spermatogenesis in the testis

Secreted by basophils

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7
Q

LH

A

Regulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation
Stimulates steroid secretion by follicle and corpus luteum

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8
Q

Oocyte release results from…

A

Increased V/P follicular fluid
Plasmin proteolysis of follicular wall
GAGs deposition
Smooth muscle contraction in theca externa

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9
Q

Corpus Hemorrhagicum

A

Follicle walls collapse
Follicle lumen fills with blood from ruptured capillaries in the theca

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10
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Follicle walls fold
Blood is re-absorbed/digested
Granulosa cells and theca interna cells luteinize
Will support pregnancy if implantation occurs

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11
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

No implantation
Granulosa and theca cells die
Replaced with collagen

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12
Q

_ is the most active form of estrogen

A

Estradiol

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13
Q

Production of estradiol requires activity from…

A

Both Theca Lutein Cells (TLC) ad Granulosa Lutein Cells (GLC)

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14
Q

What is detected by most pregnancy tests?

A

human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

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15
Q

What occurs during implantation?

A

Uterus halted in secretory phase
Placenta produces hCG
hCG will support Corpus luteum for 4-5 months

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16
Q

_ follicle (s) is/are usually supported to ovulation

A

Only one

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17
Q

What happens to the follicles that do not ovulate?

A

They undergo atresia

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18
Q

What does an atretic follicle look like?

A

Apoptotic cell death
ZP often is seen as remnant (ZP but no cell)

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19
Q

Fimbria

A

Finger like projections of the oviduct

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20
Q

How does the oocyte get to the uterus?

A

The fimbra from the oviduct bind to the corona radiata
Ciliated cells move it into the oviduct

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21
Q

How long is the oocyte viable?

A

24 hours

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22
Q

What are the two cell types found in the oviduct?

A
  1. ciliated cell
  2. Nonciliated secretory cell (Peg Cell)

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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23
Q

What is the difference between the oviduct and the seminal vesicle?

A

Oviduct - simple columnar ciliated epithelium with Peg Cells
Seminal Vesicles - Pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/no peg cells or apical modifications - may see lipofusion

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24
Q

T/F: Implantation is immediate

A

False

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25
Q

What are the three layers of the uterine wall?

A

Inner: Endometrium
Middle: Myometrium
Outer: Perimetrium

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26
Q

Endometrium

A

Simple columnar epithelium
Uterine Glands
CT with blood vessels

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27
Q

Myometrium

A

Smooth muscle
Stratum Vascularis

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28
Q

Perimetrium

A

Serosa OR
Visceral Periotenum

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29
Q

Pregnancy halts the uterine cycle in the…

A

Secretory phase

30
Q

_ act on the uterus

A

Ovarian hormones

31
Q

Hormone produced by follicle prior to ovulation

32
Q

Estrogen stimulates…

A

Proliferative phase

33
Q

Hormone produced by corpus luteum

A

Progesterone

34
Q

Progesterone stimulates…

A

secretory phase

35
Q

What are the three phases of the uterine endometrium cycle?

A

Proliferative
Secretory
Menstrual

36
Q

Which phase has an increased stratum functionale?

A

Proliferative

37
Q

Which phase has increased gland length/sawtooth glands?

38
Q

What phase has reduced stratum functionale?

39
Q

Menstrual

A

Sloughing of functionalis layer of endometrium
Decrease in hormones induces growth factor withdrawal cell death
Hemorrhage due to destruction of spiral arteries

40
Q

Proliferative

A

Functionalis layer thickens

41
Q

Secretory

A

Functionalis reaches full thickeness
Helical arteries and uterine glands of the functionalis become highly coiled and lengthen
sawtooth appearance

42
Q

Hormones involved in Menstrual Cycle

A

Reduced levels of estrogens and progesterone

43
Q

Hormones involved in Proliferative phase

A

Increased blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen
At the end of the proliferative phase, estrogen, FSH and LH blood levels peak

44
Q

Hormones involved in secretory phase

A

Estrogen levels rise in the blood and progesterone blood levels peak
FSH and LH blood levels are decreased

45
Q

_ artieres are found in the endometrium. What is their function?

A

Spiral (or helical)
Branched to provide nutrients to both layers

46
Q

What is the function of the spiral shape of uterine vasculature?

A

Spiral shape increases blood volume to provide additional nutrients and fluid for glands

47
Q

T/F: The stratum basale does not change substantially in the proliferative phase

48
Q

T/F: The Menstrual cycle will always occur.

49
Q

Which layer(s) are lost during the menstrual cycle?

A

Only the Stratum functionale

50
Q

Hormone withdrawal causes…

A

Necrosis
Dilation of arteries and glands
Sloughing off of Stratum Functionale

51
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

52
Q

Transformation zone

A

Shifts over the person’s lifetime
Shifts from SCE and SSE

53
Q

Where is the transformation zone during prepubescence?

A

Outside the external os

54
Q

Where is the transformation zone during reproductive years?

A

in the canal

55
Q

Where is the transformation zone during Postmenopause?

A

Outside the external os

56
Q

Glands in the cervix produce…

A

mucus to protect tissue

57
Q

Nabothian cysts

A

Dilated glands in the cervix

58
Q

Cells in the vaginal wall are filled with…

59
Q

Describe the vaginal wall

A

SSE is nonkeratinized
Cells are filled with glycogen
Lamina propria interdigitates with epithelium
Muscle is smooth and not well organized
No glands

60
Q

What is the purpose of the interdigiation of the lamina propria and epithelium of the vaginal wall?

A

Increases resistance to abrasion

61
Q

Placenta

A

Allows for blood exchange between mother and fetus

62
Q

Placenta Structure - rewatch video i like missed this all

63
Q

Nipple

A

Areola has substantial sebaceous glands
Smooth muscle in CT forms circular sphincter

64
Q

Lactieous ducts drain…

A

mammary gland lobes

65
Q

What epithelium lines Lactiferous ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium
Myoepithelial cells

66
Q

Breast tissue in non-lactating women

A

Ducts are present
There is virtually no secretory portion
Most tissue is dense CT and adipose tissue

67
Q

How does the breast change during pregnancy?

A

Inactive: Adipose tissue, lactiferous duct system, lactiferous sinus, opening of sinus
Lactating breast: Adipose tissue, enlarged secretory lobules, elaborate duct system, myoepithelial cells, basal lamina, alveolar cell, milk lipids

68
Q

Hormones secreted during pregnancy

A

Estrogen and progesterone
Prolactin (pituitary)
Gonadocorticoids (adrenal cortex)

69
Q

When does milk release begin?

A

After Progesterone levels drop after birth

70
Q

What are the two parts of secretion during lactation? What methods are they secreted by?

A

Milk fats (apocrine secretion)
Milk Proteins (Merocrine secretion)

Histo III (8 decks)

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