The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution

Question 1

European Renaissance

- when did it occur
- which places in Europe
- what was the renaissance?

Answer 1

• 14th 17th century cultural movement. (can pinpoint a specific time because it happened at different parts at different times)
• Italy, France, Germany, England
• Marked the end of Medieval and entering into Modern
• rebirth of interest in Classical era
• Renaissance means Rebirth, means an interest in artwork, society and renewed interest.

Question 2

Who were important arts during the Renaissance?

Answer 2

Leonardo Da Vinci- Mono Lisa, Vitruvian man (anatomy), ideas of ancient civilizations

Masaccio- realistic artwork, detail, and laws of perspective. discovered contrasting light and dark, huge progress.

Michelangelo also important.

Question 3

What philosophy did they discover during the Renaissance and why was it important?

Answer 3

Humanism

• before Renaissance, people just saw themselves as a small part of a whole, a tiny piece of a puzzle. During the Renaissance, they began to value the individual. Emphasis on learning being an intellectual.
• Now we call “A Renaissance man” -kinda knows everything, judged on what they know, rather than what they were born in. -Humanism.

Question 4

What was the Scientific Revolution?

- what advancements?
- who was important?

Answer 4

• occurred towards the end of the Renaissance and marked great advances in science, including the birth of the Scientific Method. (based on Aristotle’s “final cause”)
• Scientists- Copernicus (Solar system, astronomy. Challenged everyones believes about everything revolving around the earth)
• Galileo )father of modern, experimental science. came up with concept of gravity. agreed with Copernicus’s solar system idea.. presecuted/humiliated by Catholic Church wanted him to retract statement.

Question 5

Who were important writers during the Renaissance?

Answer 5

Shakespeare
Cervantes (Spain, novelist, poet, wrote Don Quixote)
Machiavelli (Italian, wrote “The Prince”
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Question 6

What else was the Renaissance known for besides Art and Science?

Answer 6

• age of exploration with explorers such as Columbus (first to set up lasting settlements in Americas)
• da Gama (Portuguese, sailed through Africa to India establishing trade routes by sea)
• Magellan (circum navigated the entire world, Navy was in the Spanish narvada, ruled the seas until defeated by English)
• also changes and conflicts in the church including the Protestant Reformation.

Question 7

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 7

led by Martin Luther and John Calvin- Where you get the terms “Luteran” and “Calvinist.” Seeking to reform the catholic church which they felt was corrupt as well as having administrative abuse.

Question 8

Who/What were Jesuits?

Answer 8

counter-reformation- was able to reclaim parts of Europe from the Protestants. Big battle between these different groups, big power play between the groups.