Early Ancient Civilizations Flashcards
Mesopotamia & ancient civilizations.. what helped them become what they were… what as their ideal living conditions?
Located in the middle east (Iraq)
Not a civilization but a region.
*Because of it’s flat, open geography it was subject to invasions. Easy to invade.
Where some of the earliest civilizations on earth existed.
-These civilizations emerge along fertile river valleys- Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (known as the fertile crescent.) -Fertile river valleys
-likewise in Egypt how it rose along the Nile river.
Or China along yellow river.
Farming+Water= ideal living conditions
What did Early ancient civilizations mean for people?
Farming+Water= ideal AND
- meant people stayed in one location.
- built more
- allowed for specializations- blacksmiths, farms, politicians.
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
Birth of civilization. Transition from hunting & gathering –> to farming.
-happened in Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, etc.
Who invaded Mesopotamia?
Sumer, Babylon, Prebabylon, Persians, Hittites, and more
Sumer
(3500-2000B.C.)
One of the first civilizations on Earth. Sumerians invented the wheel (wood), First system of math, one of the earies writing systems (cuneiform-wedge writing) highly influential complex systems of irrigation.
-polythestic
-city states that worshiped their own god.
Who conquered the Sumerians and when?
conquered by Semites in 2000BC.
Babylon. Who was an important ruler? What did they contribute?
(2000-1500BC) a great city which served as the capital of Babylonia.
Hammurabi- Babylonian ruler built a great empire, which lasted around 1800-1500 B.C. and which unified the region under a more centralized government system.
Important Contributions:
-Hammurabi Code- Babylonian culture recorded on scribes. Clay tablets.
-Important math contributions-
(360 degree circle, 60 mins in an hour)
-Ziggurat-the centers of babylonian and sumerian cultural and religious life.
What is a Ziggurat?
Temple Towers.
Center of Babylonian and Sumerian cultural and religious life- tremendous architectural achievement.
Served as temples, storehouses, and meeting places.
Hittites
(2000-700B.C.)
- conquered much of Northern Mesopotamia and Asia
- Conflicts and alliances with Egypt
- Known for Iron smelting and Chariots
- Existing during the Bronze Age (metals used for weapons-shields, spears, weapons and building)
- Migrated WEST which led to downfall- closer to Greeks.
Phoenicians
(2900B.C.-600A.D.)
“The Land of Purple” traded purple dye.
sea-faring culture which dominated Mediterranean trade and importing and exporting a variety of goods. (Strong navy too)
-dominated trade- glass. rare and expensive trades= purple=royalty.
Sea creature mythology
-development of one of the first alphabets.
22 constants Greeks later added vowels.
-collapsed and conquered by Persians
Assyria
(2000B.C.-600B.C.)
-used intimidation tactics
-WARLIKE people who conquered much of Mesopotamia, ruling by terror and intimidation Harsh laws, strict,
think Assyria= assholes
-called “the Romans” of Asia
-formations, good weapons.
Contributions- 1. massive highway systems
2. built extensive libraries
3. postal system
Son of Assyrian ruler built a new Babylon.
The New Babylon
(700-500 B.C.)
The “Chaldeans” (new group-famous for their study of stars and telling the future)
King Nebuchanezzer- created bureaucracy. (different departments of different bureaus) In the new babylon, the government utilized an advanced system of bureaucracy.
-HANGING GARDENS of babylon- created by king for his wife.
Persian Empire
ranked among one of the world’s greatest empires.
-largest empire, massive land area
-tried to unify the near east.
Ex: movie 300, Persia versus Spartans. Persia was never able to conquer Greece, unlike Alexander the Great.
Persians practived Zorastrianism- ethics based religion. Supreme god “wise spirit”- how we live our lives, how we be a good person.
Alexander conquered when it was down.
What is Zoroastrianism?
Ethics based religion. Supreme god was a “wise spirit.”
how to be a good person, how we should live our lives.
Strong ETHICS component.
Where was Egypt?
In Africa.