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World History (Teacherstestprep) > Early Ancient Civilizations > Flashcards

Early Ancient Civilizations Flashcards

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1
Q

Mesopotamia & ancient civilizations.. what helped them become what they were… what as their ideal living conditions?

A

Located in the middle east (Iraq)
Not a civilization but a region.
*Because of it’s flat, open geography it was subject to invasions. Easy to invade.

Where some of the earliest civilizations on earth existed.
-These civilizations emerge along fertile river valleys- Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (known as the fertile crescent.) -Fertile river valleys
-likewise in Egypt how it rose along the Nile river.
Or China along yellow river.

Farming+Water= ideal living conditions

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2
Q

What did Early ancient civilizations mean for people?

A

Farming+Water= ideal AND

  • meant people stayed in one location.
  • built more
  • allowed for specializations- blacksmiths, farms, politicians.
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3
Q

What is the Neolithic Revolution?

A

Birth of civilization. Transition from hunting & gathering –> to farming.
-happened in Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, etc.

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4
Q

Who invaded Mesopotamia?

A

Sumer, Babylon, Prebabylon, Persians, Hittites, and more

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5
Q

Sumer

A

(3500-2000B.C.)
One of the first civilizations on Earth. Sumerians invented the wheel (wood), First system of math, one of the earies writing systems (cuneiform-wedge writing) highly influential complex systems of irrigation.
-polythestic
-city states that worshiped their own god.

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6
Q

Who conquered the Sumerians and when?

A

conquered by Semites in 2000BC.

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7
Q

Babylon. Who was an important ruler? What did they contribute?

A

(2000-1500BC) a great city which served as the capital of Babylonia.

Hammurabi- Babylonian ruler built a great empire, which lasted around 1800-1500 B.C. and which unified the region under a more centralized government system.
Important Contributions:
-Hammurabi Code- Babylonian culture recorded on scribes. Clay tablets.
-Important math contributions-
(360 degree circle, 60 mins in an hour)
-Ziggurat-the centers of babylonian and sumerian cultural and religious life.

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8
Q

What is a Ziggurat?

A

Temple Towers.
Center of Babylonian and Sumerian cultural and religious life- tremendous architectural achievement.
Served as temples, storehouses, and meeting places.

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9
Q

Hittites

A

(2000-700B.C.)

  • conquered much of Northern Mesopotamia and Asia
  • Conflicts and alliances with Egypt
  • Known for Iron smelting and Chariots
  • Existing during the Bronze Age (metals used for weapons-shields, spears, weapons and building)
  • Migrated WEST which led to downfall- closer to Greeks.
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10
Q

Phoenicians

A

(2900B.C.-600A.D.)
“The Land of Purple” traded purple dye.
sea-faring culture which dominated Mediterranean trade and importing and exporting a variety of goods. (Strong navy too)
-dominated trade- glass. rare and expensive trades= purple=royalty.
Sea creature mythology
-development of one of the first alphabets.
22 constants Greeks later added vowels.
-collapsed and conquered by Persians

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11
Q

Assyria

A

(2000B.C.-600B.C.)
-used intimidation tactics
-WARLIKE people who conquered much of Mesopotamia, ruling by terror and intimidation Harsh laws, strict,
think Assyria= assholes

-called “the Romans” of Asia
-formations, good weapons.
Contributions- 1. massive highway systems
2. built extensive libraries
3. postal system

Son of Assyrian ruler built a new Babylon.

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12
Q

The New Babylon

A

(700-500 B.C.)
The “Chaldeans” (new group-famous for their study of stars and telling the future)

King Nebuchanezzer- created bureaucracy. (different departments of different bureaus) In the new babylon, the government utilized an advanced system of bureaucracy.
-HANGING GARDENS of babylon- created by king for his wife.

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13
Q

Persian Empire

A

ranked among one of the world’s greatest empires.
-largest empire, massive land area
-tried to unify the near east.
Ex: movie 300, Persia versus Spartans. Persia was never able to conquer Greece, unlike Alexander the Great.
Persians practived Zorastrianism- ethics based religion. Supreme god “wise spirit”- how we live our lives, how we be a good person.
Alexander conquered when it was down.

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14
Q

What is Zoroastrianism?

A

Ethics based religion. Supreme god was a “wise spirit.”
how to be a good person, how we should live our lives.
Strong ETHICS component.

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15
Q

Where was Egypt?

A

In Africa.

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16
Q

Where was Mesopotamia?

A

Asia/Iraq

17
Q

Places/Regions/People in Asia

A

Mesopotamia, Sumer, Babylon, Hittites, Phoenicians, Assyrians, The New Babylon, Persians.

18
Q

Egyptian Civilization- When did arise? What was the Nile River used for? Why did it last for such a long time?

A

3100-500 B.C.
arose around the fertile NILE RIVER valley. (which had annual floods!)
-Nile River- allowed for transportation
***Geographically isolated- why it was able to last for such a long length of time. Well protected. Defensible boarders.
Surrounded by Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Desert. The only way you could attack it was by SEA.

19
Q

Who was the Pharoah?

A

In Egypt, life was centered around serving the Pharoah who was regarded as a living god.
His staff he holds was called an Onk or Onch and represented “eternal life”
Other staff meant he was a ruler.
-He was the Living version of Phorous (or Horis?) God with the Falcon body and human head or vise versa.

20
Q

Besides the Pharaoh, what other gods did Egypt worship?

A

Rah- sun god/chariot (specific details of the god)

Anubis- god of the dead.

21
Q

What was Mummification?

A

driven by their belief in afterlife, they mummified the dead and built mammoth pyramids to house them. (The Pharaoh needed his body in the afterlife apparently).

22
Q

Besides the scientific practice of embalming, what other achievements/advances did the Egyptians make?

A
  • mathematics
  • medicine
  • early writing system- HIEROGLYPHICS
  • major architectura achievements like the pyramids
23
Q

Where was Kush? When did they uprise? Who were the people? What were they known for? Who did they adopt their religion from? What did their god look like?

A

2000B.C.-350A.D. (in Africa) A region south of Egypt, conquered and incorporated into Egypt, but later conquered Egypt.
-It was important as a place for cultural exchange amongst people of Mediterranean Near East, and Africa.
-people came from isolated places of Kush to exchange.
-Their religion was adopted from Egypt. Adopted much from Egypt until they gained own independence.
-Lionheaded god, but also polytheistic.
-

24
Q

China

-what were different periods called?

A

It alternated between periods of unity(meaning ruled by one family) which were called DYNASTIES
and periods of disunity.
Over time invaders entering China were assimilated into their culture.

25
Q

Who were some mongols who ruled China?

A
  1. Genghis Kahn, united Nomadic people and conquered China

2. Kublai Khan, emperor of China

26
Q

Why is the Shang Dynasty important? More info on Shang Dynasty

A 
1500-1050 BC
it was the first single entity of China, creating a UNITY. (First Dynasty) 
-forest dwellers
-prayed through oracle bones
-isolated, created walls
27
Q

What happened During the Chou/Zhou Dynasty?

A

1100-221 BC

  • bronze making
  • silk
  • writing in script
  • they began the great wall of china
  • came from the west, allowing semi-independence from the east. lost of fighting w. east and west between regional rulers. No control over the East.
28
Q

What happened during the Chin (Qin) Dynasty?

A
  • 221-206BC
  • created Great Wall of China- 4000miles
  • Where “China” gets it’s name (root word)
  • Introduces philosophy of LEGALISM (strict set of laws and abilities one has to the society)
  • strong central government
  • created Great Wall of China over 4,000 milies.
29
Q

What is Legalism?

A

Laid groundwork for cultural ideas- Strict laws and abilities one had to the society.

30
Q

What happened during the Han Dynasty?

A
  • 202BC-9AD (Western)
  • 25BC-220AD (Eastern)
  • Folden Age
  • strong centralized government with bureaucracy
  • political and cultural centralization and expansion.
  • brush paper and ink- first dictionary
  • Trade high
  • coming of Buddhism & Confusionism/Time of great prosperity
  • Farming technology
31
Q

What happened in the Sui Dynasty?

A
  • Grand Canal was built (connected yanzi river to the north)

- politics and military connecting North and Soth

32
Q

What happened in the Tang Dynasty?

A

618-907

  • period of prosperity, art, and culture
  • famous arts and poets like Lee Po and Tu Fue? (sp?)
  • Own Buddhism schools
  • First female emperor in history (Wu Zhao)
33
Q

What happened in the Sung Dynasty?

A
  • Greater food supply, 3 different planting cycles a year.
  • Lots of rice product (early ripening)
  • important inventions- Gun powder, magnetic compass, typeset for printing. (Influential in the East & West world today.)
34
Q

What was the Silk Road?

A

series of trade routes from China to Western World.
Europe to China (through Arabia, Persia, India) Later came a sea trail
-brought lots of wealth to China.

35
Q

What is Buddism?

A

Emphasized the “middle path” and the release of all cares as a route to Nirvana. “Middle path” self denying, living a simple life, not being greedy.
Siddartha Guatama- sheltered when he traveled outside the walls he saw suffering
-Sat under a tree and spoke to Buda- symbol of wealth and great prosperity (why hes big and fat)

36
Q

About Taoism

A
  • natural way of living
  • connection to the Universe
  • Everything in the universe is connected, we need to live in connection.
  • book of poems, created by Loi Su
37
Q

Confucianism (taught by Confucius)

A

dealt with the importance of peoples roles in society and coupled with the Doctorine of Legalism, largely formed the foundation of Chinese culture and politics.
-father to son.
-ruler to ruled etc.
*one caring for another
*if the ruler is not caring for his people, then the people have a right to overthrow him.
Resoprocity- do one to another how they would do onto you= Golden rule.

World History (Teacherstestprep) (10 decks)

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