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Western Civilization > The Renaissance and Reformation Study Guide > Flashcards

The Renaissance and Reformation Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Northern Humanists championed (supported) what?

A

the study of classical and early Christian texts.

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2
Q

What did The Italian Renaissance began as a movement to recover?

A

Greco-Roman culture

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3
Q

Who dominated Florence during the High Point of the Renaissance?

A

The Medici

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4
Q

What began to gradually decline in the 1400’s?

A

Serfdom

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5
Q

During this time period of history what were marriages in Italy used for?

A

To strengthen family alliances

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6
Q

What article stressed that a prince should act without scruples for the good of the state?

A

The Prince

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7
Q

Where were Humanists often employed at?

A
  • Teachers at Universities
  • Secretaries in city-states
  • advisers at the courts of princes
  • bishops
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8
Q

What Roman senator and writer serves as an inspiration for civic humanists?

A

Cicero

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9
Q

The development of what resulted in the spread of literacy and new knowledge through the Western Worlds?

A

The printing Press

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10
Q

The realistic portrayal of the humanist nude was a major preoccupation in what type of art?

A

Renaissance

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11
Q

The statue David was scrupled by what Italian masters?

A

Donatello and Michelangelo

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12
Q

Who was among the first Italian humanist who were never painted?

A

Petrarch

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13
Q

Where was Michelangelo’s painted?

A

The Sistine Chapel ceiling

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14
Q

Who painted The Last Supper?

A

Leonardo Da Vinci

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15
Q

What were Northern Renaissance artists more interested in?

A

Everyday of humanity and not the secular human form as the primary subject of painting

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16
Q

What did the Monarchs of the late 1400’s want to do?

A

Expand thier political power and acquire more territroy

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17
Q

What dynasty took control of the postiion of the Holy Roman Emperor after 1438?

A

Hapsburg

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18
Q

In 1453 what did the Ottoman Turks do?

A

They conquered the Byzantine Empire

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19
Q

Who wanted people to read the Bible in their own vernacular language?

A

John Wyclif

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20
Q

What did the Renaissance Popes act like?

A

The secular rulers of the period

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21
Q

Who wrote the book Utopia? What is Utopia about?

A
  • English Humanist Thomas More

- A satire on European government and society

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22
Q

What Humanists was concerned about the inner peity in Christianity?

A

Erasmus

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23
Q

On the eve of the Reformation, how did people sought for certainty in salvation?

A
  • Worshipping of relcis

- Buying of indulgences

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24
Q

Who believed the no amount of good works could satisfy God’s righteousness?

A

Luther

25
Q

What did Luther believe was the only source of truth?

A

The Bible

26
Q

What led to Luther’s eventual break with the Roman Catholic Church?

A

The widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks

27
Q

In what work did Luther call on the German princes to overthrow the papacy in German Lands?

A

The Address to the NObility of the German Nation

28
Q

What work made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire?

A

The Edict of Worms

29
Q

How did Luther spead his ideas?

A

Every possible way availiable literary and musical means of the period

30
Q

How did Luther see the Peasants War of 1524-1525?

A

A soical revolution aginst God’s divine order

31
Q

What sacrametns of the Catholic Church did Luther reject?

A

All except baptism and communion

32
Q

What religon forbids teh sale of indulgences?

A

Lutheranism

33
Q

The Peace of Augsburg in 1555 determinded what?

A

The German rulers of each territory determined the religion of their land

34
Q

Who began the Protestand Reformaiton in Zurich?

A

Ulirch Zwingli

35
Q

Who advocated adult baptisms, and if they had been baptized as a child, a second baptism?

A

Anabaptists

36
Q

What triggered the reformation in England?

A

Henry’s desire for a male heir

37
Q

What is millenarianism

A

The belief that the world is going to end soon

38
Q

What act separated England from the Roman Catholic Church?

A

The Act of Supremacy

39
Q

Who was called Bloody Mary and why?

A
  • Mary Tudor

- Executing more than 300 Protestants

40
Q

Elizabeth I is best described as a..?

A

Moderate Protestant

41
Q

What did John Calvin preach about?

A

Ideas of predestinaiton and the absolute sovereignty of God

42
Q

How did Calvin beleive salvation could be earned?

A

Living a decent and godly life

43
Q

What did Calvin create in Geneva from 1541-1564?

A

A religious theocracy

44
Q

What did the Reformation change in schooling?

A

Expanded public access to primary schooling and improved secondary schooling throuh the gymnasium

45
Q

What supported the superior state of marriage over celibacy?

A

The Reformation

46
Q

What was kept taverns as importatnt aspects of people’s lives due to the Reformation?

A

Taverns

47
Q

Who was the founder of the Society of Jesus?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

48
Q

Who was a Jesuit missionary who spead Christianity in Asia?

A

Francis Xavier

49
Q

What was the direction of the Catholic Reformation exemplified by?

A

The Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index of Forbidden Books

50
Q

What reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs aginst the Reformation?

A

The Council of Trent

51
Q

What were French Protestan minority known as

A

Huguenots

52
Q

Who were the politiques?

A

Those who placed politics ahead of relgion in an attempt to end the wars of relgion

53
Q

What did the Edit of Nantes do?

A
  • Helped resolve France’s War of Religion

- Protected the rights of French Huguenots

54
Q

Who was the greatest advocate of militant Catholicism?

A

Philip II of Spain

55
Q

Who led the resistance to Spanish rule in the Netherlands

A

William of Orange

56
Q

What resulted in infaltinon?

A

Silver from the New World

57
Q

When did England achieve a great victory over the Spanish Armada?

A

The end of the 1600’s

58
Q

Who was Holy Roman Emperor Charles V’s chief rival?

A

Francis I of France

59
Q

Where did Charels V face a threat to his power from the Ottoman Empire?

A

The Eastern Part of his empire

Western Civilization (7 decks)

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