Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Systems: Neurology AB > The Red Eye and Adnexal Oncology > Flashcards

The Red Eye and Adnexal Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Uveitis pain

A

None>mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uveitis redness

A

Pericorneal/none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Uveitis discharge

A

Minimal/none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Uveitis vision

A

Blurred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis pain

A

None> FB sensation/itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis Redness

A

Peripheral/diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis discharge

A

Yes/yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis vision

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Viral conjunctivitis pain

A

None> Fb sensation/itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Viral conjunctivitis redness

A

Peripheral/diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viral conjunctivitis discharge

A

Yes/watery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Viral conjunctivitis vision

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis pain

A

None> FB sensation/itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis redness

A

Peripheral/diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis discharge

A

Yes/mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis vision

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Scleritis pain

A

Severe/boring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Scleritis redness

A

Sectoral/diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Scleritis discharge

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Scleritis vision

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acute glaucoma pain

A

Severe/headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acute glaucoma redness

A

Pericorneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acute glaucoma discharge

A

Yes/no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Acute glaucoma vision

A

Lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Keratitis/corneal ulcer pain
Severe/eye closing
26
Keratitis/corneal ulcer redness
Pericorneal
27
Keratitis/corneal ulcer discharge
Yes/no
28
Keratitis/corneal ulcer vision
Lost
29
Orbital cellulitis pain
Severe/periocular
30
Orbital cellulitis redness
None
31
Orbital cellulitis discharge
No/yes
32
Orbital cellulitis vision
Normal
33
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
34
Uveitis
Inflammation in the eye
35
What are the 4 types of uveitis?
- Anterior - Intermediate - Posterior - Panuveitis
36
What does anterior uveitis affect?
Iris
37
What does intermediate uveitis affect?
Ciliary body and vitreous
38
What does posterior uveitis affect?
- Retina - Choroid - Blood vessels
39
What are the classification of causes of uveitis?
- Idiopathic - Associated with systemic disease - Infection - Masquarade
40
What causes associated with systemic disease of uveitis are there?
- Ankylosing spondylitis - Behcet's disease - Sarcoidosis - Wegner's - Systemic lupus erythematosus
41
What infectious causes of uveitis are there?
- TB - Syphilis - Toxoplasmosis - Herpes simplex - Lyme's disease - CMV
42
What masquerade causes of uveitis are there?
- Intraocular lymphoma | - Leukaemia
43
What treatments are available for uveitis?
- Treat individual infection - Topical anti-inflammatories - Systemic steroid - Systemic immunosuppressant's
44
What are the symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma?
- Severe pain - Vomiting - Fixed, dilated pupil
45
Features of preseptal cellulitis
- Pain, redness, lid swelling | - Systemically well
46
What are the common causes of preseptal cellulitis?
- Lid cyst | - Insect bite
47
Features of orbital cellulitis
- Pain, redness, lid swelling - Systemically unwell - Double vision/limitation in EOEM - Conjuntivitis/chemosis - Exophthalmos - Blurred vision
48
What are common causes of orbital cellulitis?
- Sinusitis/dental infections | - Haematological spread
49
What classification of conditions can there be ophthalmic presentations of systemic disease?
- Diabetes - Hypertension - Autoimmune - Inflammatory - Infection - Haematological - Inherited/genetic
50
What autoimmune conditions can have an ophthalmic presentation?
- Rheumatoid arthritis - Crcatricial pemphigoid - Myaesthenia gravis - Sjogren's syndrome - Systemic lupus erythematosus - Grave's disease
51
What inflammatory conditions can have an ophthalmic presentation?
- Ankylosing spondylitis - Crohn's disease - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - Sarcoidosis
52
What inherited/genetic conditions can have an ophthalmic presentation?
- Albinism - Ehlers-Danlos - Marfan's - Myotonic dystrophy - Neurofibromatosis
53
What is the characteristic appearance of thyroid eye disease?
Eyes appear to protrude
54
What are the components of the adnexal?
- Orbit - Eyelids - Lacrimal drainage system
55
What is included in adnexal oncology?
- Eyelid tumours - Lacrimal drainage tumours - Orbital tumours
56
How common are eyelid tumours?
- Very common | - Up to 20% of Caucasians in their lifetime
57
How common are lacrimal drainage tumours?
- Vanishingly rare | - Less than 1 per 1,000,000 per year
58
How common are orbital tumours?
- Very rare | - Approx 1 per 100,000
59
What is more common, benign or malignant orbital tumours?
- 2/3 benign | - 1/3 malignant
60
Tumour
Abnormal proliferation of tissue
61
Describe benign tumours.
- Normal cells in abnormal numbers and/or location - Cells lack the ability to invade local tissue or to metastasise - Typically slow growing, mass effect
62
Describe malignant tumours.
- Anaplastic cells (loss of form or function) - Often rapidly growing, capable of invading surrounding tissue and spreading to distant locations - Colloquially known as cancer
63
Give examples of malignant tumours.
- Carcinoma - Sarcoma - Lymphoma - Leukaemia - Blastoma
64
What are carcinomas derived from?
Epithelial cells (e.g skin, respiratory tract, GIT)
65
What are sarcomas derived from?
Connective tissue (Bone, cartilage, fat, nerve)
66
What are lymphomas?
Haemopoietic cells maturing in lymphatic tissue
67
What are leukaemia's?
Haemopoietic cells maturing in the blood
68
What are blastomas derived from?
Immature precursor cells or embryonic cells
69
Give examples of benign eyelid tumours from common to rare.
- Squamous cell papilloma - Basal cell papilloma - Melanocytic naevus - Actinic keratosis - Pyogenic granuloma - Keratoacanthoma - Capillary haemangioma - Cavernous haemangioma
70
Give examples of malignant eyelid tumours from common to rare
- Basal cell carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Sebaceaous gland carcinoma - Melanoma - Kaposi sarcoma - Merkel cell carcinoma
71
What are the characteristics of squamous cell papilloma?
- Pedunculated or sessile (broad based) - Characteristic 'raspberry' texture - Usually viral
72
How are squamous cell papillomas treated?
Excision or laser ablasion
73
What is another name for basal cell papilloma?
Seborrhoeic keratosis
74
What are the characteristics of basal cell papillomas?
- Greasy, brown, flat, round/oval - Similar texture to squamous cell papilloma - Stuck on appearance - Unrelated to sun exposure
75
What is the treatment for basal cell papilloma?
Excision
76
What is melanocytic naevus composed of?
Atypical melanocytes
77
What does the location of atypical melanocytes n melanocytic naevus influence?
Clinical appearance and potential for malignant transformation
78
Describe junctional melanocytic naevus.
- Black - Epidermis - Very rare to become malignant
79
Describe compound melanocytic naevus.
- Brown - Deep epidermis - Risk of malignancy transformation between rare and very rare
80
Describe intradermal melanocytic naevus
- Grey in papillary dermis - Blue in dermis - Rare chance of malignant transformation
81
What are the early signs of malignant transformation of melanocytic naevus?
- Asymmetry - Border (irregular) - Colour (variegated) - Diameter (>6mm) - Evolving (growing)
82
What concerning signs of melanocytic naevus would suggest nodular malignant melanoma?
- Elevated - Firm to touch - Growing
83
What are the characteristics of pyogenic granulomas?
- Fast growing, highly vascularised granuloma - May follow surgery, infection, trauma - Erythematous pedunculated mass
84
What is the treatment for pyogenic granuloma?
Excision
85
What are the characteristics of actinic keratosis?
- Common pre-malignant condition, though relatively rare on eyelids - Flat, scaly, hyperkeratotic skin, occasionally forms cutaneous horn - Related to sun exposure
86
What is the treatment for actinic keratosis?
Excision of medical treatment
87
What are the characteristics of keratoacanthomas?
- Rare, squamous cell carcinoma in situ - Rapidly growing in otherwise healthy skin - Pink papule, hyperkeratotic crater - Sun exposure, immunosuppression - Often spontaneous involution after 2-3 months
88
What is the treatment for keratoacanthomas?
Excision
89
What are the characteristics of capillary haemangiomas?
- Although rare, one of the commonest tumours of infancy - Predilection upper lid with or without orbital extension - Can cause amblyopia and astigmatism - Involution from age 2, 40% by 4, 70% by 7
90
What is the treatment for capillary haemangioma?
- B blockers - Intralesion steroids - Surgery
91
What are the characteristics of cavernous haemangiomas?
- Rae, congenital - Well demarcated pink patch - Darkens with age, does not involute - Sturge-weber
92
What is the treatment for cavernous haemangiomas?
Laser
93
What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma?
- Commonest cancer worldwide - Pale skin and sun exposure - 70% occur on the face - >100,000 per year in the UK - Will affect up to 20% of Caucasians in their lifetime - Locally invasive, risk of metastasis ~1:1000
94
Features suggestive of basal cell carcinoma.
- Slow, inexorable growth over months - Usually non-pigmented, elevated, ulcerated - Pearly, rolled, irregular border - Telangiectasia - Lack of tenderness
95
What are the clinical subtypes of basal cell carcinoma?
- Nodular: common, classic firm pearly nodule - Ulcerative: common, may progress from nodular, cycles of crusting and bleeding - Morpheaform/infiltrative: less common, indurated plaques
96
What are the treatment options for basal cell carcinomas?
- Standard excision - Mohs surgery - Topical - Chemotherapy - Cryotherapy - Radiotherapy - Photodynamic therapy
97
What are the characteristics od squamous cell carcinoma?
- Sun damaged skin and pre-existing AK - Scaly surface over thick plaque - Growth over weeks rather than months - Metastatic risk of 3-10%
98
What is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?
Excision
99
What are the characteristics of sebaceous gland carcinoma?
- Nodular, indurated lid margin - Yellowish discoloration (lipid content) - Pagetoid spread along conjunctiva, map Bx - Tell histologist... staining
100
What is the treatment for sebaceous gland carcinoma?
Excision
101
What are the 3 types of malignant melanomas?
- Lentigo maligna: flat variably pigmented macule - Superficial spreading: slightly raised pigmented plaque - Nodular: vertically invasive (may be amelanotic)
102
Tips for taking biopsies of eyelid tumours.
- Adequate size - Try to include area of normal tissue - Try not to crush or use excess cautery - Give histologist as much information as possible
103
How should biopsy be carried out for suspect malignant melanoma?
- Excision biopsy with small margin | - Gob back to extend margin according to Clark level or Breslow correlation if confrmed
104
Excision margin fro basal cell carcinoma.
- 3mm | - 2mm if small and tissue preservation important
105
Excision margin for squamous cell carcinoma
- 4 mm margin | - Discuss with MDT, consider MRI/abdominal US
106
Excision margin for sebaceous gland carcinoma
- 5-10mm | - Consider sentinel node biopsy
107
Excision margin fro malignant melanoma
- 10-30mm | - Consider sentinel node biopsy
108
What can orbital tumours affect?
- Lacrimal gland - Extrinsic eye muscles - Nerves - Blood vessels
109
Give examples of benign orbital tumours from common to rare
- Capillary haemangioma - Cavernous haemangioma - Pleomorphic adenoma - Optic nerve glioma
110
Give examples of malignant orbital tumours from common to rare.
- Lymphoma - Metastatic regional spread - Rhabdomyosarcoma - Lacrimal gland carcinoma - Osteosarcoma - Liposarcoma - Primary melanoma

Systems: Neurology AB (51 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions