The Red eye Flashcards
Describe the features of Uveitis
Pain = None -> mild Redness = pericorneal/none Discharge = No/Minimal Vision = blurred
Describe the features of Bacterial Conjuctivitis
Pain = Non -> full blown sensation / itch
Redness = peripheral/diffuse
Discharge = yes/ yellow
Vision = normal
Describe the features of viral conjunctivitis
Pain = None -> full blown sensation/ itch
Redness = peripheral/ diffuse
Discharge = yes/watery
Vision = normal
Describe the features of allergic conjunctivitis
Pain = None -> full blown sensation/ itch
Redness = peripheral/ diffuse
Discharge = yes/ mucous
Vision = normal
Describe the features of scleritis
Pain = Severe/ boring
Redness = sectoral/ diffuse
Discharge = no
Vision = normal
Describe the features of acute glaucoma
Pain = severe/ headache
Redness = pericorneal
Discharge = yes/no
Vision = lost
Describe the features of Keratitis/ Corneal ulcer
Pain = severe/ eye closing
Redness = pericorneal
Discharge = yes/no
Vision = lost
Describe the features of Orbital cellulitis
Pain = Severe/ periocular
Redness = none
Discharge = no/yes
Vision = normal
What is uveitis?
Inflammation in the eye
May effect:
- Anterior (iris)
- Intermediate (ciliary body and vitreous)
- Posterior (Retina, choroids, blood vessels
Panuveitis (all)
What are some of the causes of Uveitis?
Idiopathic (most common)
Associated with systemic disease: Ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet’s Disease, Sarcoidosis, Wegener’s, Systemic lupus erythematosis
Infection: TB, Syphalis, Toxoplasma, Herpes Simplex, Lyme’s disease, CMV
Masquarade: Intraocular lymphoma, Leukaemia
What is the treatment for Uveitis?
-Treat Infection
-Topical anti-inflammatory
(main stay treatment)
-Systemic steroid
-Systemic immunosuppressants
whats the difference between Episcleritis ans Scleritis?
Episclera is the more superficial layer.
Episcleritis:
- Is milder
- Only part of the eye become red
- Only mildly painful
Scleritis:
- Very painful
- Risk to sight
- Inflammation large enough to melt away sclera
What are the symptoms of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Severe Pain Vomiting Fixed, dilated pupil (non-responsive to light) Hard eye
What is the treatment for acuta angle-closure glaucoma?
Strong drugs to decompress
Drugs to constrict pupil (trying to pull away to open angle)
Small insistion to iris
What infections may cause corneal ulcer?
Herpes virus
Pseudomonous
What are the features of preseptal cellulitis?
Pain, redness, lid swelling
Systematically well
What are the common causes for preseptal cellulitis?
Lid cyst or insect bite
What are the features of orbital cellulitis?
- Pain, redness, lid swelling
- Systemically unwell
- Double vision/ limitation in EOEM
- Conjunctivitis/ chomosis
- Exophthalmos
- Blurred vision
What is chomosis?
Swelling (or oedema) of the conjunctivae
What is Exophthalmos?
Bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit
What are the common causes of orbital cellulitis?
Sinusitis / dental infections
Haematological spread
What are the opthalmic presentations of systemic disease?
Diabetes Hypertension Autoimmune Inflammatory Infection Haematological Inherited/ Genetic Thyroid eye disease
What are the autoimmune opthalmic presentations?
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Cicatrical pemphigoid
- Myaesthenia gravis
- Sjogren’s syndrome
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Grave’s disease
What are the inflammatory opthalmic presentations?
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Crohn’s disease
- Juvenile ideopathic arthritis
- Sarcoidosis
What are the inherited/ genetic opthalmic presentations?
Albinism Ehlers-Danlos Marfan's Myotonic dystrophy Neurofibromatosis
