Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Question 1

What kinds of things come under maxillofacial surgery?

Answer 1

Dentoalveolar
Cleft lip and palate
Facial deformity
Craniofacial surgery
Head and neck oncology/ Reconstruction
Salivary gland surgery
TMJ surgery
H&N Trauma- Hard/soft tissue
Oral medicine

Question 2

Give some examples of dentoalveolar surgery

Answer 2

Wisdom teeth (top 10 surgical procedures)
Implants (screw in teeth)
Infection (cysts etc)

Question 3

Give a brief overview of cleft palate

Answer 3

Incidence = 1:600 babies
Commonest developmental defect of the head and neck

The aim of treatment should be a well spoken, well adjusted, aesthetically pleasing adult with a class 1 occlusion (good bite) and perfect hearing.

A left leads to a soft and hard tissue deformity

Question 4

Give an overview of facial deformity surgery

Answer 4

20% of population have facial deformity of some degree
Treated in MDT (orthodontist, Maxillofacial technician, surgeon)

Function and aesthetics
Associated problems: public perception, sleep apnoea

Question 5

Give a brief overview of orthogonalthic surgery

Answer 5

Combination of Surgery and orthodontics
Surgery to maxilla, mandible or both
Allied with “cosmetic” procedures: blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty

Question 6

Give a brief overview of craniofacial deformity

Answer 6

Congenital and acquired conditions
Adults and children
MDT

Clinical problems:

• Raised intracranial pressure - mental deterioration
• Skull and facial deformity - Visual, auditory problems
• Respiratory problems - Sleep studies

Question 7

Discuss Maxillofacial Oncology

Answer 7

Oral cancer 6th most common malignancy
Increased incidence in Scotland
Associated with alcohol and tobacco

Much improved reconstruction
Quality of life
Prevention

Skin cancer
Salivary glands

Question 8

Discuss trauma surgery

Answer 8

Hard and soft tissue
Increased incidence in west of Scotland
Young males: Associations with alcohol, drugs and social class
Interpersonal violence 65%

Treat life threatening events first:
-Obstructed airway
-Uncontrolled bleeding
Collaboration with neurosurgeons
-Craniofacial trauma, CSF leaks

Question 9

What is blepharoplasty?

Answer 9

Blepharoplasty (Greek: blepharon, “eyelid” + plassein “to form”) is the plastic surgery operation for correcting defects, deformities, and disfigurations of the eyelids; and for aesthetically modifying the eye region of the face

Question 10

What is rhinoplasty?

Answer 10

Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose by resolving nasal trauma (blunt, penetrating, blast), congenital defect, respiratory impediment, or a failed primary rhinoplasty.

Question 11

Why may skull base access be used?

Answer 11

Allow surgery when access is difficult

Skull base pathology

Malignancy

Vascular malformations