The Red Eye Flashcards
what is the term for inflamed eyelids?
What different types of inflamed eyelids do you get?
What other causes of red eye are associated?
Blepharitis
Anterior
Seborrhoeic (squamous) scales on the lashes
Staphylococcal – infection involving the lash follicle
Posterior
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis (marginal, SPK)
Episcleritis
what are the signs of seborrhoeic blepharitis?
Lid margin red
Scales ++
Dandruff+
(No ulceration, lashes unaffected)
what are the signs of staphylococcal blepharitis?
lid margin red
Lashes distorted, loss of lashes, ingrowing lashes - trichiasis
Styes, ulcers of lid margin
corneal staining, marginal ulcers (due to exotoxin)
what are the signs of posterior blepharitis?
Lid margin skin and lashes unaffected
M.G. openings pouting & swollen
Inspissated (dried) secretion at gland openings
Meibomian Cysts (chalazia)
Associated with Acne Rosacea (50%)
what is the treatment for blepharitis?
Lid hygiene – daily bathing / warm compresses
Supplementary tear drops
Oral doxycycline for 2-3 months
Very difficult to eradicate
what’s the term for conjunctival oedema?
Chemosis
causes of anterior uveitis
Autoimmune
Reiter’s, Ulc colitis, Ank Spondylitis, Sarcoidosis
Infective
T.B. Syphylis, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster
what’s the difference between anterior uveitis and conjunctivitis?
Anterior Uveitis Management
topical steroids
Pred Forte 1% Hourly tapering over 4-8 weeks
Mydriatics eg
Cyclopentolate 1% BD
investigate for systemic associations if recurrent or chronic
what is the pathology and presentation of closed angle glaucoma?
typically hypermetropic (small) eyes
Iris dilates and blocks off drainage angle
Presentation includes severe pain and maybe vomiting
Eye is stony hard
Cornea is cloudy (oedematous) and there are circumcorneal injections
How can you differentiate between scleritis, episcleritis and conjunctivitis?
what is episceritis?
Relatively common / no serious associations
Association with gout
Recurrent
Nodules may occur
Self limiting
what is scleritis?
Association with serious systemic vasculitides e.g. Rh arthritis, Wegener’s
PAINFUL +
Injection of deep vascular plexus – ‘violaceous hue’
Phenylephrine test
Associated uveitis common
treatment of scleritis and episcleritis
Episcleritis
Self limiting
Lubricants / topical NSAIDs / mild steroids
Scleritis
Oral NSAIDs
Oral Steroids
Steroid Sparing Agents
A patient presents after being punched in the eye. What is this condition and how do you manage it?
Subconjunctival Haemorrhage.
It will be fine in 2 weeks
