Pharmacology

Question 1

how are steroids altered to pass through the epithelium and stroma of the eye?

Answer 1

—Alcohol or acetate makes steroid more hydrophobic
—Phosphate makes it more hydrophilic

Question 2

what are the different properties of prednisolone acetate/ phosphate?

Answer 2

—Prednisolone acetate
—hydrophobic
—Good penetration in uninflamed cornea
—Used post-operatively

—Prednisolone phosphate
—Hydrophilic
—Poor penetration in uninflamed cornea
—Used for cornea disease or when want low dose steroids

Question 3

what is benzalkonium?

Answer 3

—a preservative.
—Also disrupts lipid layer of tear film
—Aids penetration of some drugs

Question 4

what type of injection is this

Answer 4

intracameral

Question 5

What drug is used for dendritic ulcers of the cornea?

Answer 5

Zovirax/ Acyclovir

—Do not use steroid drops

Question 6

What is the name of the most commonly used sympathomimetic drops that dilate the eye?

Answer 6

Phenylephrine hydrochloride

Question 7

what can be seen here and what causes it?

Answer 7

Cornea verticillata

Amiodorone

Question 8

What are diagnostic dyes such as fluorescein used for?

Answer 8

—1) shows corneal abrasion
—2) tonometry
—3) diagnosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction
—4) angiography

Question 9

Which drugs cause eye damage?

Answer 9

Ethambutol causes optic neuritis

Chloroquine causes retinopathy also known as ‘Bull’s eye maculopathy’

Steroids cause cataracts and glaucoma

Vigabatrin, is an antiepileptic drug that constrict the field of vision

Question 10

How do Mydriatics work?

Which is the most commonly used for dilating the pupil?

Answer 10

—Cause pupil dilation by blocking parasympathetic supply to iris

—tropicamide
—